Diffusion and chemical reaction of copper deposition in an ion-exchange matrix
Abstract
The process of chemical deposition of copper into a granular macroporous sulfocation exchanger with different reducing agents (sodium dithionite, sodium borohydride) in modes of single and multiple cycles of saturation and reduction (1-10) has been investigated. The kinetics of the deposition process is satisfactorily described by the model of internal diffusion accompanied by chemical reaction. The kinetic complex , including the coefficients of internal diffusion and the distribution of the reducing ion between phases, obtained from experimental data, has an order of magnitude lower values than for the sorption of the copper counterion.
The slow motion of the boundary of the final product formation detected on the grain sections in comparison with the intermediate stages testifies to the limiting stage of the internal diffusion of the reducing agent ions. From the comparison of two reducing agents taken in equal mass fractions, it follows that sodium dithionite reduces copper ions to metal particles through the stages of slow formation of intermediate compounds, and sodium borohydride more rapidly precipitates copper particles, most likely due to the participation in the overall process of hydrogen released in the chemical reaction.
It was found that from cycle to cycle deposition occurs at the same rate, pre-deposited copper does not prevent further accumulation of metal, which is possible due to repeated cycles of deposition in the matrix with newly released after the reduction of metal ionogenic centers and their conversion to the original hydrogen ionic form.
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