Electronic-microscopic researches of por distribution by diameters on the sorption surface of UAM-50, UAM-100, UPM-K, UPM-100 ultra-filtration membranes
Abstract
The study substantiates the relevance of the topic under investigation and qualifies its place among other publications regarding the porosity of membranes. Based on the literature review and the formulated aim of the study, the types of ultrafiltration membranes were selected and their main characteristics (operating pressure, specific solvent flux, retention coefficient, operating pH range, maximum temperature) were pre-sented. The electron microscopic study of the pore distribution according to the diameter on the surface of UAM-50, UAM-100, UPM-K, and UPM-100 ultrafiltration membranes was used in the study. This study in-cluded fixing the image of the membrane surface using an electron microscope, transferring it to the AutoCad 2018 automated design environment, visual selection of four uniform zones with an area of 1∙106 nm2 with a description of the pore circumference using the program, data export with the calculation of radial dimensions on the surface (active) layer of the membrane in nm. The main characteristics (diameter, area of each element) were determined using the functions of AutoCad 2018, then the contamination factor was determined. For the estimation of the measurement error for the pore size we analysed 5 electronic images that were obtained for different areas of the surface of the membrane under study. The procedure for processing each electronic image was repeated 10 times. As a result of statistical processing of the results, the relative standard deviation did not exceed 0.1. The standard deviation and the average pore diameter were determined using the descriptive sta-tistics function of Microsoft Excel 2010. The histograms, graphs of the probability density function, and normal distribution for the studied membranes by the pore diameter distribution were plotted using Microsoft Excel 2010.
It was established that the distribution of pores by diameter on the surface of the active layer of the studied ultrafiltration membranes was described by the normal distribution law (Gaussian law). Empirical ex-pressions for the Gaussian distribution of pores by diameters were obtained. Analysis of experimental studies by electron microscopy, standard data processing using Microsoft Excel 2010, and AutoCad 2018 showed that for UAM-50, UAM-100, UPM-K, UPM-100 membranes the average pore diameter on the surface was in the range from 54 to 70 nm.
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