Co-doping of the TiO2-kaolinite composites with non-metals for the expansion of spectral sensitivity during the passive photodegradation of organic pollutants
Abstract
The general goal of the study was to develop a method for obtaining photo-active composites allowing the process of passive decomposition of organic pollutants for subsequent use as components of finishing materials used in building. Previous studies allowed proposing a composite material obtained by the chemical deposition of titanium dioxide on kaolinite. The purpose of this stage was the expansion of the photoactivity of the material into the visible light region. The performed revision of information showed that, based on the technological methods, the most promising method of narrowing the band gap of materials is doping them with non-metals. Since sulphuric acid was used in the synthesis process, and the analysis of the chemical composition confirmed the sulphur content in the samples, nitrogen, chlorine and phosphorus were used as co-doping agents. The source of codopants was nitric, hydrochloric and orthophosphoric acids, which were added to the reaction solution in an amount of 0.025:1 M:M to the sulphuric acid. The study of the chemical composition of the material confirmed the presence of codopants in the amount of tenths of a percent of the mass. A tank reactor with replaceable lids was designed for comparison of the activity of materials under ultraviolet and visible light illumination. Nine LED sources were mounted in the reactor lids: DFL-5013UVC-380, wave length 380 nm for UV and L54 PWC, wave length 450 nm for visible light. The LEDs were tested on a special unit in a way that the emf in a germanium photodiode illuminated by an ultraviolet source and a visible light source were close in magnitude. Testing under three conditions - light isolation, UV, and visible irradiation - showed that all materials increased their activity under illumination, but the most promising was the material co-doped with sulphur and chlorine.
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