Influence of the filler nature on the properties of the composite "polyvinyl alcohol: polysaccharide"
Abstract
The question about assessing the influence of the features of structure formation during moulding on the properties of the material arises during production and application of highly filled composites based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The purpose of this study was the investigation of the effect of the nature of the filler and the presence of a plasticizer during the production of highly filled composites "PVA-1799: polysaccharide (PS)" on the main performance indicators (strength, water absorption, biodegradation). Wood microcrystalline cellulose (WMCC), corn starch (CS), and coffee bean cellulose (CBC) were used as fillers; some of the samples were modified with a plasticizer (P) – glycerol (in an amount of 5 vol%). The filler content was from 50 to 80 vol%. Composites in the form of plates were obtained by liquid-phase combination of a 5% PVA solution and PS powder, followed by dehydration in a vacuum laboratory oven. It was found that the PVA:CS:P sample had the maximum strength after soaking, its breaking strain decreased by only 5 times, while the elongation increased by 17 times (for comparison, for the PVA:WMCC:P and PVA:CBC:P the breaking strain decreased by 43 and 14 times, and the elongation increased by 5 and 4 times, respectively). It has been shown that the water absorption of PVA of the selected brand reaches 800% by weight in the first 5 minutes of soaking; when the PVA contains 80 vol% of fillers of various natures, the water absorption decreases by 3-15 times. The highest diffusion coefficient was revealed for the sample filled with CBC, the lowest was for starch-filled PVA, which can be explained by the different packing density of molecular and supramolecular structures. Preliminary compostability tests of the studied composites showed that their complete biodegradation would require at least 6 months of exposure to destructors. For the PVA:WMCC composite with a filler content of 50, 65, and 80 vol%, the loss of strength after 6 months of composting was 89, 87, and 95%, and the destruction index was 9, 8, 19, respectively. It was previously established that the rate of biodegradation during composting of PVA:PS composites increases in the series of PVA:CS < PVA:CBC < PVA:WMCC.
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References
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