Use of waste vegetable oil for the production of wood composites
Abstract
In the food industry, waste vegetable oils are formed in large quantities, remaining after the preparation of various food products. The disposal of waste oils is difficult and they pollute the environment. At the same time, in industry and everyday life, interest in natural wood as a natural renewable material does not decrease. However, the disadvantages of natural wood require its modification with various compositions. The study investigates the properties of birch wood impregnated with compositions based on waste vegetable oil. Vegetable oil left after cooking was used to impregnate the wood. Coniferous wood flour and a desiccant based on metal salts were used as fillers. The impregnating composition with a desiccant and a filler was heated to a predetermined temperature. Samples were placed in the pre-heated impregnating composition and kept for a certain time, then transferred to an impregnating composition with ambient temperature, where the impregnation was performed for the same amount of time. The impregnation was carried out by the hot-cold bath method. The properties of wood were controlled by changes in such indicators as water absorption, swelling in the radial and tangential directions, and the edge angle of wetting the wood surface. Impregnating compositions based on waste vegetable oil are odourless and environmentally friendly for humans and animals. It was noted that the use of vegetable oil, both pure and waste, significantly improves the water resistance of natural wood. The water absorption of treated wood after 1 day in water was reduced by three times, and after 30 days of testing, more than twice as compared to untreated wood. It has been shown that the most optimal impregnating composition based on waste vegetable oil for birch wood contained 1% wood flour and 3% desiccant. Thus, the treatment of birch wood with compositions based on waste vegetable oil allows not only the disposal of production waste, but also improvement of the properties of wood, such as water absorption, swelling in the tangential and radial directions.
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