Sorption processes in soils. Study issues and the current state of the problem
Abstract
Interest in the study of the sorption capacity of soils, exchangeable cations, sorption and adsorption, and the study of interactions between organic and mineral components in the modern literature is associated not only with the elucidation of the mechanisms of formation of humic substances of a specific and nonspecific nature, but also with the formation of a soil-absorbing complex. The importance of the issue is associated with the current ecological state of the soils and biosphere due to the increasing anthropogenic pressures. Goal: to identify the main trends in the formation, development, and current state of the problem of studying the sorption properties of soils and processes associated with them.
Tasks: study of the origin, formation and development of science about the absorption capacity of soils, soil-absorbing complex, sorption processes occurring in the soil, exchangeable and absorbed cations; the kinetics of the process; analysis of modern literature on the interaction of soil-absorbing complex, clay minerals, organo-mineral compounds with substances coming from outside; the matrix, fractal, and cluster organization of soils.
Due to the modern anthropogenic load and the increasing intensification of agricultural production, there is an increased ploughing of land, leading to a shift in the equilibrium of the colloidal system towards coagulation. However, according to the latest data obtained, arable soils withdrawn from agricultural use are capable of autoregeneration, which is manifested primarily in the restoration of their colloidal system to its original state. Equilibrium shifts towards peptization. Modern concepts of soils as a colloidal-gel matrix allowed considering soils as systems in which soil properties are determined by the state and properties of soil gels formed as a result of the interaction of humic substances and mineral nanoparticles. Mineral-organic components formed on the surface of soil mineral compounds and its aggregates through the adsorption of molecules of organic compounds lead to a strong transformation of the surface. The result of these processes is the specificity and selectivity of the surface in the absorption of a number of substances.
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References
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