Physical and chemical characteristics of a nanocomposite sorbent, nontronite/CoFe2O4
Abstract
The synthesis of nanocomposite materials with polyfunctional properties opens up a unique opportunity to obtain new sorbents. Creating composites based on nanosized ferrites and aluminosilicates is very promising since their sorption properties and catalytic and magnetic characteristics exceed those of ferrites and natural minerals. The paper shows the possibility to synthesise and use the nontronite/CoFe2O4 composite as a sorption material. Spinel was synthesised by a “soft chemistry” method, the method of citrate combustion. Nitrate-citrate synthesis allows obtaining monophase nanopowders with a homogeneous microstructure at lower temperatures and a narrow particle size distribution.
We compared the sorption capacity for the formaldehyde of natural and acid-activated nontronite, pure spinel CoFe2O4, and the nontronite/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite. The aluminosilicate was activated with a H2SO4 solution within the concentration range of 0.5-3M. Acid treatment of aluminosilicate resulted in an increase in the specific pore surface, the pore size, and pore volume, which was caused by leaching octahedral cations from the intermediate layer of the mineral.
According to the data from X-ray fluorescence analysis, the synthesised sample of cobalt ferrite was completely single-phase. CoFe2O4 particles were of irregular shape with pronounced agglomeration. The size of particles was within 30 to 185 nm. According to the data of transmission electron microscopy, the nanocomposite was comprised of nontronite particles of irregular shape, 10-50 nm in size with inclusions of individual cobalt ferrite particles 10-30 nm in size.
It was found that the sorption capacity of the composite was 17% higher than that of natural aluminosilicate, however, it was significantly inferior to that of acid-activated nontronite. The obtained adsorption isotherms were described by the Langmuir equation. Cobalt ferrite had the weakest sorption activity towards formaldehyde. The use of activated nontronite for the synthesis might allow obtaining a composite with improved sorption characteristics.
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