Phenotypic variability fatty acid composition of human milk
Abstract
The article discusses statistical data on the fatty acid composition of human milk of women from different countries and regions of the world, obtained by capillary gas chromatography. Discussed the biochemical correlations between the region where women live and the fatty acid composition of human milk. It is shown that the proportion of saturated fatty acids (FA) is relatively constant among most countries, with
the exception of the Philippines and Nigeria, where the level of lauric and myristic acids is overestimated by about two times compared to other countries. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids slightly differs, except for the low oleic acid content in human milk of women in the Philippines, Nigeria and Tunisia. Erucic acid levels are elevated in China and Nigeria. Comparison of the total composition of the FA of human milk
from 20 countries and regions with English human milk showed that the composition of the FA of human milk in Australia, Germany and Canada is closest to it. The greatest differences in composition are found between the milk of Englishwomen and the milk of women in the Philippines and Nigeria. A tenfold difference was found in the level of docosahexaenoic acid. It can vary from 0.10% to 0.99%. The highest level of
this FA is typical for Japan, the lowest - for Tunisia. The fatty acid composition of human milk depends on the diet of nursing mothers. The values characteristic of the Philippines and Nigeria indicate that the diet of nursing women in these countries is not balanced, which affects the nutritional value of their human milk. Close direct (symbate) correlations are observed between the content of saturated short-chain FA, close inverse correlations take place between the content of short-chain and long-chain saturated FA. Negative correlations prevail between short chain saturated and polyunsaturated FA. In contrast, long chain saturated FA tend to increase symbatically with increasing the content of polyunsaturated FA. The content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids often changes symbatically with changes in the composition of milk. The correlation coefficients R > 0.90 in most cases. The found correlations are useful in identifying the origin
of milk, in identifying adulterated human milk and in optimizing the composition of milk formulas for artificial infant feeding in different regions.
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References
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