Sorption-fluorimetric determination of fluoroquinolones in natural waters using a smartphone and chemometric analysis
Abstract
A simple, quick, and affordable method for the identification and determination of antibacterial substances of the fluoroquinolone series in natural waters by the sorption-fluorimetric method using a smartphone and chemometric analysis is considered. The proposed approach is based on the static sorption of fluoroquinolones by silica gel from aqueous solutions. When the sorbate is irradiated with monochromatic ultraviolet light (365 nm), blue or turquoise fluorescence is observed, the intensity of which was measured using a smartphone. The values of the basic components of the RGB colorimetric system were used as an analytical signal, followed by the calculation of the final colour. The possibility of using chemometric analysis, which allows reducing the analysis time and visualise the study data, is shown. The data array was processed by principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and the k-means method using the XLSTAT software. The identification and assessment of the quantitative content of fluoroquinolones in natural water was carried out using chemometric analysis. Ranges of determined contents were 0.002-0.2 µg/cm3. A method for the determination of fluoroquinolones in natural waters is proposed. The relative error of the analysis results did not exceed 20%.
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