Chromato-mass-spectrometric study of patchouli essential oils of different manufacturers
Abstract
In pharmacies, many essential oils are sold by various manufacturers and in different price categories. Some of these oils are produced from species that do not grow in Russia. One of these oils is patchouli essential oil. Patchouli (lat. Pogostemon cablin) is an herbaceous shrub of the family Lamiaceae, cultivated in India, China, and Indonesia. Essential oils have many different pharmacological effects, including anti-ulcer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and many others. It is known, that the required quality of preparations is achieved in the presence of a fairly accurately reproducible component composition. It is possible to detect various impurities and other falsifications when the composition is changed by some manufacturers by using modern methods of analysis. Such modern methods of analysis include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The component compositions of four samples of patchouli natural essential oils sold in pharmacies were determined. These essential oils were obtained by steam distillation from the leaves of a tropical plant. Component analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils was carried out using an Agilent Technologies 7890B GC System chromatography-mass spectrometer complex with a 5977A MSD mass-selective detector, ionization type - electron impact with a radiation energy of 70 eV. The signal was recorded using the total ion current (TIC) in the mass range of 20-550 m/z. Data processing was carried out based on the NIST11 databases (May 19, 2011). MassHunter vB06.00 and NIST MS Search 2.0 software was used. All essential oils were declared by the manufacturers as 100% natural, additional solvents were not indicated. From 70 to 92 different organic compounds were identified in all studied samples. In three samples of patchouli oil, the dominance of compounds of a sesquiterpene nature was revealed, in one sample the dominance of monoterpene compounds was detected. In addition, copaene, a rare naturally occurring sesquiterpene tricyclic hydrocarbon found in patchouli essential oil in amounts less than 1%, was identified in two samples. In the study, it was found with a content of more than 20%, which may indicate impurity. In one sample, isopropyl myristate was determined (about 70%). Based on the analysis of the component composition of essential oils, their chemical type was determined: all the studied oils can be attributed to the patchouli chemical type.
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References
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