Kinetics of Nickel Ion Sorption on Soils of Udmurtia
Abstract
Due to the components of the absorbing complex, soil is a powerful natural sorbent of heavy metals in the surface layer, thus reducing the negative impact of pollutants. The accumulation of nickel ions in soil, which are capable of re-dissolving under changing environmental conditions, determines the need to study the kinetics of the sorption process between metal ions and soil.
A laboratory experiment for the study of the sorption kinetics of nickel ions was carried out under static conditions of contact of a salt solution with the upper humus horizon (A0 ) of sod-podzolic soil, sod-carbonate and grey forest soils, the most common in the Udmurt Republic. The results of determining the parameters of the kinetics of nickel ions from aqueous solutions of nickel sulphate in soil are presented. A series of soil suspensions was used in the experiment, in which the residual concentration of metal ions was determined at fixed intervals (0.5-600 h) by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization.
It was determined that the sorption process proceeds quite quickly, more than 90% of nickel ions are absorbed in the first two hours by all types of studied soils; equilibrium in the "soil-nickel" system is achieved in almost 24 hours. Using experimental kinetic curves, it was found that the value of adsorption at the moment of equilibrium in sod-podzolic soil with respect to nickel ions was equal to 0.00697 mol∙kg-1, in sod-carbonate ̶ – 0.00645mol∙kg-1 and for the grey forest ̶ – 0.00635 mol∙kg-1. The application of the equations of diffusion kinetics to the experimental kinetic curves showed that the kinetics of the studied sorption process is a combination of external and internal diffusion kinetics, while external diffusion limitations are manifested to a greater extent in sod-podzolic and sod-carbonate soils. A comparison of the results of using pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models in studying the mechanisms of nickel ion sorption by soils of Udmurtia shows that under the studied conditions, the pseudo-second order equation better described the experimental data for all studied soil types, indicating that the process of metal sorption by soil is controlled by a chemical reaction. The maximum rate constant was recorded for sod-carbonate soil (2.97∙10-6 kg∙mol-1∙h-1), the minimum values of the rate constant ̶ for sod-podzolic soil (0.68∙10-6 kg∙mol-1∙h-1).
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