The role of the adsorption characteristics of sands in environmental protection from contamination with nickel(II) ions
Abstract
A study was performed of the mechanisms of surface phenomena in the "sand - technogenic runoff" system for the determination of their role in the pollution of coastal zones with nickel (II) ions. Coastal sands from economically significant areas of Vietnam were used as the objects of the study. The experiments were carried out based on simulation modelling using artificially created technogenic effluents.
The obtained results indicate that the degree of retention of nickel(II) ions from an aqueous solution on the surface depends on the rate of solution filtration through a layer of sand and decreases as it increases.
The effect of removing nickel(II) ions from the flow and depositing them on mineral particles depends on the grain size of the sand, its degree of homogeneity, and crystal chemical features. Granulometric and crystal-chemical characteristics, in turn, depend on the geographical features of the sampling site. Sea sand sampled on the coast of Bakbo Bay (South China Sea), which contains almost pure quartz is characterised by the lowest sorbtion of nickel ions. On the surface of river sands, the conditions for the sorption of nickel (II) ions are more favourable, but each sand has its own characteristics.
The analysis of the kinetic regularities shows that a pseudo-first-order model is suitable for describing the mechanism of the surface process, and the found values of the sorption activation energy emphasise the significance of the diffusion stages of the process. The mechanism of the surface process probably involves adsorption and ion exchange between functional groups on the sand surface and nickel ions, and is accompanied by the formation of complexes and deposits on the sand surface. A possible scheme for the stages of the surface process was proposed. All sands were characterized by irreversible interactions; a certain amount of nickel (II) ions always remained on the surface of mineral particles after desorption. Quantitative indicators of desorption indicate that, due to their natural qualities, the studied sands can play an important role in the processes of pollution of coastal zones with nickel(II) ions.
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