Influence of temperature on the exchange of zinc and sodium ions on polymethacrylic cation exchange resin and the possibility of its use in separation processes
Abstract
The high selectivity of polymethacrylic cation exchanger to zinc ion from concentrated solutions of sodium chloride and sodium nitrate, as well as a significant increase in selectivity with increasing temperature, has been shown. The selectivity in the chloride system turned out to be lower than in the nitrate system due to the formation of chloride anionic zinc complexes in solution. When purifying concentrated solutions of alkali metal salts from impurities of zinc salts using polymethacrylic cation exchangers in the form of the same alkali metal ion at high temperatures, it is possible to increase the volumes of purified solutions compared to traditional conditions at room temperature. However, this positive effect manifests itself in the case of a nitrate system and is very insignificant in a chloride system due to the formation of anionic zinc chloride complexes in solution. It turned out that the use of two-temperature reagent-free separation techniques in the case of systems with zinc salts is not possible. It was found that after the ion exchanger in the column comes into equilibrium with the initial solution of a mixture of sodium and zinc salts at an elevated temperature, with a subsequent decrease in temperature and the selectivity of the ion exchanger to zinc when passing that same initial solution, effective and complete displacement of excess sorbed zinc is not observed. Thus, in the case of a mixed solution of sodium and zinc salts, two different stationary states of polymethacrylic cation exchanger are formed. The reason for this is the very high selectivity of the ion exchanger to zinc ion, as a result of which in a solution containing zinc chloride, the polymethacrylic ion exchanger becomes an inelastic rigid material.
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