Санитарно-химические характеристики композиционных древесных материалов и синтетических смол по данным газовой хроматографии
Ключевые слова:
газовая хроматография, парофазный анализ, сорбенты, фанера, шпон, дре- весностружечная плита, древесноволокнистая плита, синтетические смолы, формальдегид, метанол, метилаль, фенол.
Аннотация
В работе приведены результаты санитарно-химической оценки в моделированных условиях
эксплуатации в камерах из стекла композиционных древесных материалов – фанеры, древесностру-
жечных и древесноволокнистых плит на основе синтетических смол методом газовой хроматографии.
Фанера, древесностружечные и древесноволокнистые плиты на основе карбамидо-, меламино- и фе-
нолоформальдегидных смол выделяют формальдегид, метанол и фенол, концентрации которых зави-
сит от насыщенности композиционных древесных материалов.
Санитарно-химические исследования в камерах из стекла массива древесины сосны через 6
месяцев кондиционирования образцов в моделированных условиях эксплуатации при насыщенности
2.2 м
2
/м
3
, температуре 20, 40˚С и газообмене 1 объём/ч показали, что выделяющиеся концентрации
формальдегида составляют 0.15 мг/м
3
и 0.165 мг/м
3
и превышает ПДК для воздуха жилых помещений
в 15-17 раз.
Приведены результаты анализа карбамидоформальдегидных смол методом газовой хромато-
графии и показано, что в смолах содержится больше метанола в 1.9-2.9 раза и метилаля в
1.4 -3.6 раза по сравнению с формальдегидом.
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Данные скачивания пока не доступны.
Литература
1. Metodicheskie ukazaniya MU 2.1.2.1829-04.
Sanitarno-gigienicheskaya otsenka polimernykh i
polimersoderzhashchikh stroitelnykh materialov i
konstruktsiy, prednaznachennykh dlya primenenija
v stroitelstve zhilykh, obshchestvennykh i
promyshlennykh zdaniy, M. Minzdrav Rossii,
2004, Utv. gl. gos. san. vrachom RF Onishchenko
G.G. 6.01.2004 y.
2. Edinye sanitarno-epidemiologicheskie i
gigienicheskie trebovaniya k tovaram,
podlezhashchim sanitarno-epidemiologicheskomu
kontrolyu – glava II, razdel 6, trebovaniya k
polimernym i polimersoderzhashchim stroitelnym
materialam i mebeli Utverzhdeny EJeK
Tamozhennogo soyuza 28.05.2010 y., Тo. 299.
3. Dopustimye urovni vydeleniya vrednyh
himicheskikh veshchestv iz polimernykh
stroitelnykh materialov Utv. zam. gl. san. vracha
SSSR V.E. Kovshilo 20.10.1976 y., No. 1508-76.
4. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po sanitarnogigienicheskomu
kontrolyu polimernykh
stroitelnykh materialov, prednaznachennykh dlya
primeneniya v stroitelstve zhilykh i
obshchestvennykh zdaniy Izdanie 3-e,
dopolnennoe. M., 1980. 80 p. Utv. zam. gl. san.
vracha SSSR V.E. Kovshilo 28.03.1980, no.
2158-80.
5. EN 1084: 1995. Plywood. Formaldehyde
release classes determined by the gas analysis
method.
Хабаров В.Б. / Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы. 2015. Т. 15. Вып. 2
214
6. EN 120:1994. Wood-based panels.
Determination of formaldehyde content.
Extraction method called the perforator method.
7. EN 717-1: 1999. Wood-based panels.
Determination of formaldehyde release. Part 1.
Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method.
8. EN 717-2:1995. Wood-based panels.
Determination of formaldehyde release. Part 2.
Formaldehyde release by the gas analysis method.
9. EN 717-3: 1996. Wood-based panels.
Determination of formaldehyde release. Part 3.
Formaldehyde release by the flask method.
10. GOST 27678-88. Particle boards and
plywood. Perforatory method for determining
formaldehyde content.
11. GOST 30255-95. Furniture, timber and
polymers. Method for determination of
formaldehyde and other volatile chemicals in the
air of climatic chambers.
12. GOST R 53867-2010. Wood-based panels
and plywood. Determination of formaldehyde
release by the gas analysis method.
13. Zaklyuchenie Mezhvedomstvennoy komissii
pod predsedatelstvom direktora GEOKH im. V.I.
Vernadskogo AN SSSR, akademika Barsukova
V.L. po vyrabotke obosnovannykh normativov
PDK formaldegida v zhilykh pomesheniyakh
derevyannykh panelnykh domov
14. GOST 14231-88. 14. Urea-formaldehyde
resins. Specifications.
15. GOST 20907-75. 15. Liquid
phenolformaldehyde resins. Specifications.
16. Khabarov V.B. Primenenie gazovoy
khromatografii pri kontrole sanitarnokhimicheskikh
kharakteristik drevesiny sosny,
bereozy i fanery iz shpona bereozy, Wood
products industry, 2009, No. 1, pp. 14-18.
17. Кhabarov V.B., Panina L.I. Osobennosti
sanitarno-khimicheskoy otsenki
ognezashchishchyeonnoy fanery metodom
gazovoy khromatografii, Wood products industry,
2008, No. 5, pp. 8-11.
18. Walker. J.F. Formaldehyde. Trans. from
English. Goskhimizdat, 1957, 608 p.
19. GOST R ISO 16000-2-2007. 19. Indoor air.
Part 2. Sampling for formaldehyde content. Main
principles.
20. Guide to Indoor Air Quality: Selected
pollutants (2011) World Health Organization
recommends that indicators of air quality for
individual pollutants. Website: Documented
Center of the World Health Organization www:
http//mednet.ru/whodc
21. GOST R ISO 16000-3-2007. Indoor air.
Part 3. Determination of formaldehyde and other
carbonyl compounds. Active sampling method.
22. GOST R ISO 16000-4-2007. Indoor air.
Part 4. Determination of formaldehyde. Diffusive
sampling method.
23. Postanovlenie pravitelstva Germanii «O
zaprete i ogranichenii na rasprostranenie opasnykh
veshchestv, preparatov i produktov v sootvetstvii s
zakonom o normakh soderzhaniya vrednykh
veshchestv v bytovykh khimikatakh», chast 3
prilozheniya k § 1 (Prilozhenie 4)
24. GOST R 8.563-96. State system for ensuring
the uniformity of measurements. Procedures of
measurements.
25. Khabarov V.B. Ispolzovanie metoda
gazovoy khromatografii dlya sanitarnokhimicheskoy
otsenki eksportnoy fanery, Wood
products industry, 2008, no. 4, pp. 14-18.
26. Кhabarov V.B., Panina L.I., Lvov A.I. STP
01-94 NIOKO «Bioekomonitoring».
Unificirovannaнa metodika sanitarnokhimicheskoy
otsenki polimernykh i
kompozicionnykh materialov na osnove
karbamido-, melamino- i fenoloformaldegidnykh
smol metodom gazovoy khromatografii, M., 1994,
59 p. Vved. 01.06.96.
27. C.C. No. 1258179 USSR. G01N 30/48 ICI.
Bull. 1986, no. 34, pp. 275. A method for
producing a polymer sorbent. Khabarov V. B.,
Panina L.I., Sakodynski K.I., Kovba I.T.,
Glazunova L.D.
28. C.C. No. 699422 USSR. ICI2 G01N 31/08.
Bull. 1979, no. 43. Sorbent for a gas
chromatography. Glazunova L.D., Panina L.I.,
Sakodynski K.I., Zabelnikov N.S.
29. C.C. No. 1693535 USSR. ICI5 G01N 30/48.
Bull. 1991, no. 43. A method of
gaschromatographic analysis of the mixture:
water, formaldehyde, methanol. Terekhova G.P.,
Panina L.I., Sakodynski K.I.
30. C.C. No. 1728793 USSR. ICI G01N 30/10.
Bull. 1992, no. 15, pp. 184. The device for the
vapor-phase analysis. Khabarov V. B., Maltsev
V.V.
31. C.C. No. 1350610 USSR. ICI G01N 30/04.
Bull. 1987, no. 41, pp. 191. A way of receiving
calibration mixes of vapors of formaldehyde in
inert gas and the device for its implementation.
Khabarov V.B., Maltsev V. V.
32. C.C. No. № 1111101 USSR. ICI G01N
31/08. Bull. 1984, no. 32. A way of preparation of
glass capillary columns for a gas-liquid
Хабаров В.Б. / Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы. 2015. Т. 15. Вып. 2
215
chromatography. Samusenko A.L., Golovnya R.
V., Khabarov V. B., Aerov A.F.
33. C.C. No. 1341575 USSR. ICI G01N 30/08.
Bull. 1987, no. 36, pp. 205. The device for input of
tests in a capillary column. Khabarov V.B., Kovba
I.T., Sakodynski K.I.
34. C.C. No. 1458810 USSR. ICI G01N 30/48.
Bull. 1989, no. 6, pp. 204. Sorbent for a gas-liquid
chromatography. Maltsev V. V., Khabarov V. B.,
Volkova L.D., Chernysheva E.I.
35. Khabarov V.B. Sozdanie dinamicheskim
metodom v potoke azota graduirovochnykh
smesey metanola i formaldegida, Sorbcionnye i
hromatograficheskie processy, 2012, Vol. 12, No
4, pp. 513-522.
36. Khabarov V.B. Novoe ustroystvo dlya vvoda
prob mikroprimesey organicheskikh veshchestv,
skoncentrirovannykh na polifenilkhinoksaline, v
kapillyarnuyu kolonku metodom termicheskoy
desorbcii bez kriofokusirovaniya proby,
Sorbcionnye i hromatograficheskie processy,
2012, Vol. 12, No 5, pp. 650-664.
37. Khabarov V.B. Novoe ustroystvo dlya vvoda
prob organicheskikh veshchestv v metode gazovoy
kromatograpfii, Sorbcionnye i
hromatograficheskie processy, 2013, Vol. 13, rel.
6, pp. 947-958.
38. Khabarov V.B. Ustroystvo dlya vvoda prob
organicheskikh veshchestv, skoncentrirovannykh
na sorbente, v kapillyarnuyu kolonku metodom
termicheskoy desorbcii pri izuchenii sanitarnokhimicheskikh
harakteristik fanery metodom
gazovoy khromatografii, Applied analytical
chemistry, 2011, Vol. 2, No. 3(5), pp. 44-49.
39. Khabarov V.B. Opredelenie formaldegida,
metanola i metilalya v fanere, shpone i
karbamidoformaldegidnoy smole metodom
gazovoj khromatografii s pomoshchyu novogo
ustroystva dlya parofaznogo analiza, Analytics and
control, 2013, Vol. 17, No 2, pp. 196-203.
40. Khabarov V.B. Prognozirovanie vydeleniya
metanola i formaldegida iz drevesnostruzhechnoy
plity metodom gazovoy khromatografii s
pomoshchyu ustroystva dlya parofaznogo analiza.
Tezisy pervogo Vserossiyskogo simpoziuma
«Kinetika i dinamika obmennykh processov».
RAN, nauchnyy sovet po fizicheskoy khimii i
IFKHE RAN. Krasnodarskiy kray, Divnomorskoe,
2-9 noyabrya 2012, 4 p.
41. Khabarov V.B. Sanitarno-khimicheskaya
otsenka drevesnostruzhechnykh plit,
proizvodimykh v Finlyandii, metodom gazovoy
khromatografii. Tezisy Vserossiyskogo
simpoziuma «Khromatografija i khromato-massspektrometriya».
14-18 aprelya 2008. MoskvaKlyazma,
pp. 170.
42. Khabarov V.B. Sanitarno-khimicheskaya
otsenka fanery iz shpona sosny na osnove
karbamido- i fenoloformaldegidnykh smol
metodom gazovoy khromatografii RAN, IFKHE
RAN. Tezisy Vserossiyskogo simpoziuma
«Khromatografiya i khromato-massspektrometriya».
14-18 aprelya 2008. MoskvaKlyazma,
pp. 171.
43. Pat. No. 2144856 RF, ICI7 B27D 1/04. Bull.
2000, no. 3. Way of production of
ognezashchishchyonny plywood. Biryukov V.G.,
Novichkov V.F., Sibrimov N.I., Neklyudov A.D.,
Mishkov S.N., Karpo B.S., Balakin M.I., Sobolev
A.V.
44. Khabarov V.B. Sanitarno-khimicheskaya
otsenka drevesnovoloknistoy plity na osnove
albumina i fenoloformaldegidnoy smoly metodom
gazovoy khromatografii. RAN, IFKHE RAN.
Tezisy Vserossiyskogo simpoziuma
«Khromatografiya i khromato-massspektrometriya».
14-18 aprelya 2008. MoskvaKlyazma,
pp. 119.
Sanitarno-gigienicheskaya otsenka polimernykh i
polimersoderzhashchikh stroitelnykh materialov i
konstruktsiy, prednaznachennykh dlya primenenija
v stroitelstve zhilykh, obshchestvennykh i
promyshlennykh zdaniy, M. Minzdrav Rossii,
2004, Utv. gl. gos. san. vrachom RF Onishchenko
G.G. 6.01.2004 y.
2. Edinye sanitarno-epidemiologicheskie i
gigienicheskie trebovaniya k tovaram,
podlezhashchim sanitarno-epidemiologicheskomu
kontrolyu – glava II, razdel 6, trebovaniya k
polimernym i polimersoderzhashchim stroitelnym
materialam i mebeli Utverzhdeny EJeK
Tamozhennogo soyuza 28.05.2010 y., Тo. 299.
3. Dopustimye urovni vydeleniya vrednyh
himicheskikh veshchestv iz polimernykh
stroitelnykh materialov Utv. zam. gl. san. vracha
SSSR V.E. Kovshilo 20.10.1976 y., No. 1508-76.
4. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po sanitarnogigienicheskomu
kontrolyu polimernykh
stroitelnykh materialov, prednaznachennykh dlya
primeneniya v stroitelstve zhilykh i
obshchestvennykh zdaniy Izdanie 3-e,
dopolnennoe. M., 1980. 80 p. Utv. zam. gl. san.
vracha SSSR V.E. Kovshilo 28.03.1980, no.
2158-80.
5. EN 1084: 1995. Plywood. Formaldehyde
release classes determined by the gas analysis
method.
Хабаров В.Б. / Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы. 2015. Т. 15. Вып. 2
214
6. EN 120:1994. Wood-based panels.
Determination of formaldehyde content.
Extraction method called the perforator method.
7. EN 717-1: 1999. Wood-based panels.
Determination of formaldehyde release. Part 1.
Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method.
8. EN 717-2:1995. Wood-based panels.
Determination of formaldehyde release. Part 2.
Formaldehyde release by the gas analysis method.
9. EN 717-3: 1996. Wood-based panels.
Determination of formaldehyde release. Part 3.
Formaldehyde release by the flask method.
10. GOST 27678-88. Particle boards and
plywood. Perforatory method for determining
formaldehyde content.
11. GOST 30255-95. Furniture, timber and
polymers. Method for determination of
formaldehyde and other volatile chemicals in the
air of climatic chambers.
12. GOST R 53867-2010. Wood-based panels
and plywood. Determination of formaldehyde
release by the gas analysis method.
13. Zaklyuchenie Mezhvedomstvennoy komissii
pod predsedatelstvom direktora GEOKH im. V.I.
Vernadskogo AN SSSR, akademika Barsukova
V.L. po vyrabotke obosnovannykh normativov
PDK formaldegida v zhilykh pomesheniyakh
derevyannykh panelnykh domov
14. GOST 14231-88. 14. Urea-formaldehyde
resins. Specifications.
15. GOST 20907-75. 15. Liquid
phenolformaldehyde resins. Specifications.
16. Khabarov V.B. Primenenie gazovoy
khromatografii pri kontrole sanitarnokhimicheskikh
kharakteristik drevesiny sosny,
bereozy i fanery iz shpona bereozy, Wood
products industry, 2009, No. 1, pp. 14-18.
17. Кhabarov V.B., Panina L.I. Osobennosti
sanitarno-khimicheskoy otsenki
ognezashchishchyeonnoy fanery metodom
gazovoy khromatografii, Wood products industry,
2008, No. 5, pp. 8-11.
18. Walker. J.F. Formaldehyde. Trans. from
English. Goskhimizdat, 1957, 608 p.
19. GOST R ISO 16000-2-2007. 19. Indoor air.
Part 2. Sampling for formaldehyde content. Main
principles.
20. Guide to Indoor Air Quality: Selected
pollutants (2011) World Health Organization
recommends that indicators of air quality for
individual pollutants. Website: Documented
Center of the World Health Organization www:
http//mednet.ru/whodc
21. GOST R ISO 16000-3-2007. Indoor air.
Part 3. Determination of formaldehyde and other
carbonyl compounds. Active sampling method.
22. GOST R ISO 16000-4-2007. Indoor air.
Part 4. Determination of formaldehyde. Diffusive
sampling method.
23. Postanovlenie pravitelstva Germanii «O
zaprete i ogranichenii na rasprostranenie opasnykh
veshchestv, preparatov i produktov v sootvetstvii s
zakonom o normakh soderzhaniya vrednykh
veshchestv v bytovykh khimikatakh», chast 3
prilozheniya k § 1 (Prilozhenie 4)
24. GOST R 8.563-96. State system for ensuring
the uniformity of measurements. Procedures of
measurements.
25. Khabarov V.B. Ispolzovanie metoda
gazovoy khromatografii dlya sanitarnokhimicheskoy
otsenki eksportnoy fanery, Wood
products industry, 2008, no. 4, pp. 14-18.
26. Кhabarov V.B., Panina L.I., Lvov A.I. STP
01-94 NIOKO «Bioekomonitoring».
Unificirovannaнa metodika sanitarnokhimicheskoy
otsenki polimernykh i
kompozicionnykh materialov na osnove
karbamido-, melamino- i fenoloformaldegidnykh
smol metodom gazovoy khromatografii, M., 1994,
59 p. Vved. 01.06.96.
27. C.C. No. 1258179 USSR. G01N 30/48 ICI.
Bull. 1986, no. 34, pp. 275. A method for
producing a polymer sorbent. Khabarov V. B.,
Panina L.I., Sakodynski K.I., Kovba I.T.,
Glazunova L.D.
28. C.C. No. 699422 USSR. ICI2 G01N 31/08.
Bull. 1979, no. 43. Sorbent for a gas
chromatography. Glazunova L.D., Panina L.I.,
Sakodynski K.I., Zabelnikov N.S.
29. C.C. No. 1693535 USSR. ICI5 G01N 30/48.
Bull. 1991, no. 43. A method of
gaschromatographic analysis of the mixture:
water, formaldehyde, methanol. Terekhova G.P.,
Panina L.I., Sakodynski K.I.
30. C.C. No. 1728793 USSR. ICI G01N 30/10.
Bull. 1992, no. 15, pp. 184. The device for the
vapor-phase analysis. Khabarov V. B., Maltsev
V.V.
31. C.C. No. 1350610 USSR. ICI G01N 30/04.
Bull. 1987, no. 41, pp. 191. A way of receiving
calibration mixes of vapors of formaldehyde in
inert gas and the device for its implementation.
Khabarov V.B., Maltsev V. V.
32. C.C. No. № 1111101 USSR. ICI G01N
31/08. Bull. 1984, no. 32. A way of preparation of
glass capillary columns for a gas-liquid
Хабаров В.Б. / Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы. 2015. Т. 15. Вып. 2
215
chromatography. Samusenko A.L., Golovnya R.
V., Khabarov V. B., Aerov A.F.
33. C.C. No. 1341575 USSR. ICI G01N 30/08.
Bull. 1987, no. 36, pp. 205. The device for input of
tests in a capillary column. Khabarov V.B., Kovba
I.T., Sakodynski K.I.
34. C.C. No. 1458810 USSR. ICI G01N 30/48.
Bull. 1989, no. 6, pp. 204. Sorbent for a gas-liquid
chromatography. Maltsev V. V., Khabarov V. B.,
Volkova L.D., Chernysheva E.I.
35. Khabarov V.B. Sozdanie dinamicheskim
metodom v potoke azota graduirovochnykh
smesey metanola i formaldegida, Sorbcionnye i
hromatograficheskie processy, 2012, Vol. 12, No
4, pp. 513-522.
36. Khabarov V.B. Novoe ustroystvo dlya vvoda
prob mikroprimesey organicheskikh veshchestv,
skoncentrirovannykh na polifenilkhinoksaline, v
kapillyarnuyu kolonku metodom termicheskoy
desorbcii bez kriofokusirovaniya proby,
Sorbcionnye i hromatograficheskie processy,
2012, Vol. 12, No 5, pp. 650-664.
37. Khabarov V.B. Novoe ustroystvo dlya vvoda
prob organicheskikh veshchestv v metode gazovoy
kromatograpfii, Sorbcionnye i
hromatograficheskie processy, 2013, Vol. 13, rel.
6, pp. 947-958.
38. Khabarov V.B. Ustroystvo dlya vvoda prob
organicheskikh veshchestv, skoncentrirovannykh
na sorbente, v kapillyarnuyu kolonku metodom
termicheskoy desorbcii pri izuchenii sanitarnokhimicheskikh
harakteristik fanery metodom
gazovoy khromatografii, Applied analytical
chemistry, 2011, Vol. 2, No. 3(5), pp. 44-49.
39. Khabarov V.B. Opredelenie formaldegida,
metanola i metilalya v fanere, shpone i
karbamidoformaldegidnoy smole metodom
gazovoj khromatografii s pomoshchyu novogo
ustroystva dlya parofaznogo analiza, Analytics and
control, 2013, Vol. 17, No 2, pp. 196-203.
40. Khabarov V.B. Prognozirovanie vydeleniya
metanola i formaldegida iz drevesnostruzhechnoy
plity metodom gazovoy khromatografii s
pomoshchyu ustroystva dlya parofaznogo analiza.
Tezisy pervogo Vserossiyskogo simpoziuma
«Kinetika i dinamika obmennykh processov».
RAN, nauchnyy sovet po fizicheskoy khimii i
IFKHE RAN. Krasnodarskiy kray, Divnomorskoe,
2-9 noyabrya 2012, 4 p.
41. Khabarov V.B. Sanitarno-khimicheskaya
otsenka drevesnostruzhechnykh plit,
proizvodimykh v Finlyandii, metodom gazovoy
khromatografii. Tezisy Vserossiyskogo
simpoziuma «Khromatografija i khromato-massspektrometriya».
14-18 aprelya 2008. MoskvaKlyazma,
pp. 170.
42. Khabarov V.B. Sanitarno-khimicheskaya
otsenka fanery iz shpona sosny na osnove
karbamido- i fenoloformaldegidnykh smol
metodom gazovoy khromatografii RAN, IFKHE
RAN. Tezisy Vserossiyskogo simpoziuma
«Khromatografiya i khromato-massspektrometriya».
14-18 aprelya 2008. MoskvaKlyazma,
pp. 171.
43. Pat. No. 2144856 RF, ICI7 B27D 1/04. Bull.
2000, no. 3. Way of production of
ognezashchishchyonny plywood. Biryukov V.G.,
Novichkov V.F., Sibrimov N.I., Neklyudov A.D.,
Mishkov S.N., Karpo B.S., Balakin M.I., Sobolev
A.V.
44. Khabarov V.B. Sanitarno-khimicheskaya
otsenka drevesnovoloknistoy plity na osnove
albumina i fenoloformaldegidnoy smoly metodom
gazovoy khromatografii. RAN, IFKHE RAN.
Tezisy Vserossiyskogo simpoziuma
«Khromatografiya i khromato-massspektrometriya».
14-18 aprelya 2008. MoskvaKlyazma,
pp. 119.
Опубликован
2018-02-19
Как цитировать
Хабаров, В. Б. (2018). Санитарно-химические характеристики композиционных древесных материалов и синтетических смол по данным газовой хроматографии. Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы, 15(2), 196-215. https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2015.15/268
Раздел
Статьи
