Central Place Theory: Stages of Development and New Challenges
Keywords:
central place theory, network theory, hierarchy, polymorphism, evolution
Abstract
The purpose is to identify the advantages of the central place theory in comparison with other constructs to explain the settlement systems’ development. Materials and methods: An analysis of publications over a 90-year period was carried out in the context of the history of the development of the theory of central places (TCP), in the course of which the authors come to the conclusion about the predominant role of network theories as an alternative to the theory of central places at the present time. Axiomatic and system-structural research methods are applied. Results and discussion. The following results are obtained, rejecting the "accusations" of network theories against the theory of central places: 1) the urban population and the central places themselves are not necessarily distributed evenly in space; 2) the number of hierarchy levels is not necessarily fixed in the central place theory; 3) the central place theory makes it possible to take into account interactions not only between, but also within the same hierarchy level; 4) any hierarchy, including within the framework of network theories, does not allow for a variable number of functions for central places of the same level. 4) any hierarchy, including within the framework of network theories, does not allow for a variable number of functions for central places of the same level. Conclusions. The central place theory is not inferior, and in some cases has advantages over network theories: it defines the settlement system and justifies the population and spatial structure of the systems as theoretical entities; it has the advantage of goal-setting, since in its relativistic version it assumes the existence of structure attractors; the direction and purpose of the development of the systems’ structure within the framework of the central place theory make it possible not only to predict, but also to direct this development.
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References
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40. Schlier O. Die zentralen Orte des Deutschen Reichs. Ein statistischer Beitrag zum Städteproblem. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, 1937, рр. 161-169.
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43. Ullman E. A Theory of Location for Cities. American Journal of Sociology, 1941, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 853-864.
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45. Weber A. Theory of the location of industries. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929. 256 p.
2. Arkhipov Yu. R. Sistemnoe modelirovanie regional’nogo rasseleniya [System modeling of the regional settlement]: dis. ... d-ra geogr. nauk. Moscow, 2002. 342 p. (In Russ.)
3. Bunge V. Teoreticheskaya geografiya [Theoretical geography]. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo «Progress», 1967. 280 p. (In Russ.)
4. Vazhenin A. A. Evolyutsiya sistem tsentral’nykh mest staropromyshlennykh rayonov [Evolution of central place systems of old-industrial districts]: dis. ... k-ta geogr. nauk. Moscow, 1997. 93 p. (In Russ.)
5. Valesyan A. L. Sinkhronnost’ v prostranstvennoy evolyutsii sistem rasseleniya i transportnykh setey [Synchronicity in the spatial evolution of settlement systems and transport networks]: dis. ... d-ra geogr. nauk. Moscow, 1995. 232 p. (In Russ.)
6. Gorokhov S. A., Dmitriev R. V., Agafoshin M. M. Geografiya naseleniya kak napravlenie spetsializatsii kafedry ekonomicheskoy i sotsial’noy geografii Moskovskogo pedagogicheskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Population geography as a specialization area of the department of economic and social geography of Moscow pedagogical state university]. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria: Geografia. Geoekologia, 2020, no. 4, pp. 85-93. (In Russ.)
7. Dmitriev R. V. K voprosu o postoyanstve znacheniya doli tsentral’nogo mesta v naselenii obsluzhivaemoy im zony dlya vsekh urovney kristallerovskoy ierarkhii [Is the share of a central place in the population of the area, served by this central place, a constant for all levels of the Christaller’s hierarchy?]. Izvestiya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, 2019, no. 1, pp. 128-135. (In Russ.)
8. Dmitriev R. V. Sistemy tsentral’nykh mest: formirovanie populyatsionnoy i prostranstvennoy struktur [Central place systems: formation of the population and spatial structures]. Geograficheskiy vestnik, 2021, no. 4 (59), pp. 6-17. (In Russ.)
9. Dmitriev R. V. Evolyutsionnye protsessy v sistemakh tsentral’nykh mest [Evolutionary processes in systems of central places]: dis. ... d-ra geogr. nauk. Moscow, 2022. 223 p. (In Russ.)
10. Dmitriev R. V. Evolyutsiya sistem rasseleniya v aspekte klassicheskoy teorii tsentral’nykh mest [The evolution of settlement systems in classic central place theory]. Izvestiya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, 2021, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 165-175. (In Russ.)
11. Dmitriev R. V., Gorokhov S. A. Sel’skoe naselenie v sistemakh tsentral’nykh mest [Rural population of central place systems]. Geopolitika i ekogeodinamika regionov, 2021, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 26-33. (In Russ.)
12. Lesh A. Prostranstvennaya organizatsiya khozyaystva [Spatial organization of the economy]. Moscow: Nauka, 2007. 663 p. (In Russ.)
13. Medvedkov Yu. V. Modelirovanie v geografii rasseleniya [Modeling in the geography of settlement]: dis. ... d-ra geogr. nauk. Moscow, 1967. 40 p. (In Russ.)
14. Stepin V. S. Filosofiya nauki. Obshchie problemy [Philosophy of Science. Common problems]. Moscow: Gardariki, 2006. 384 p. (In Russ.)
15. Khudyaev I.A. Evolyutsiya prostranstvenno-ierarkhicheskoy struktury regional'nykh sistem rasseleniya [Evolution of the spatial-hierarchical structure of regional settlement systems]: dis. ... k-tа geogr. nauk. Moscow, 2010. 161 p. (In Russ.)
16. Shuper V. A. Issledovanie metriki sotsial’no-geograficheskogo prostranstva (na primere Tsentra Evropeyskoy chasti RSFSR) [The study of the metrics of socio-geographical space (on the example of the Center of the European part of the RSFSR)]: dis. ... k-ta geogr. nauk. Moscow, 1980. 128 p. (In Russ.)
17. Shuper V. A. Printsip dopolnitel’nosti i teoriya tsentral’nykh mest [Principle of Additionality and the Central Place Theory]. Izvestiya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, 1996, no. 4, pp. 88-94. (In Russ.)
18. Shuper V. A. Ustoychivost’ prostranstvennoy struktury sistem gorodskogo rasseleniya [Stability of the spatial structure of urban settlement systems]: dis. ... d-ra geogr. nauk. Moscow, 1990. 223 p. (In Russ.)
19. Em P. P. Sistemy razmytykh tsentral’nykh mest Koreyskogo poluostrova [Blurred Central Place Systems of the Korean Peninsula]: dis. ... k-ta geogr. nauk. Moscow, 2013. 194 p. (In Russ.)
20. Arlinghaus S. L., Arlinghaus W. C. The fractal theory of central place geometry: a Diophantine analysis of fractal generators for arbitrary Löschian numbers. Geographical analysis, 1989, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 103-121.
21. Auerbach F. Das Gesetz der Bevölkerungskonzentration. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, 1913, vol. 59, рр. 74-76.
22. Berry B. J. L., Garrison W. L. The functional bases of the central place hierarchy. Economic Geography, 1958, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 145-154.
23. Chen Y. Fractal systems of central places based on intermittency of space-filling. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2011, vol. 44, is. 8, pp. 619-632.
24. Christaller W. Die zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland: Eine ökonomisch-geographische Untersuchung über die Gesetzmässigkeit der Verbreitung und Entwicklung der Siedlungen mit städtischen Funktionen. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1933. 331 р.
25. Church R. L., Bell T. L. Unpacking Central Place Geometry I: Single Level Theoretical k Systems. Geographical Analysis, 1990, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 95–115.
26. Dacey M. F. The Geometry of Central Place Theory. Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 1965, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 111-124.
27. Dickinson R. E. City, Region and Regionalism. London: Meuthen, 1947. 328 p.
28. Dziewoński K. Zasady przestrzennego kształtowania inwestycji podstawowych. Warszawa: Evert i Michalski, 1948. 158 р.
29. Fujita M., Krugman P., Mori T. On the evolution of hierarchical urban systems. European Economic Review, 1999, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 209-251.
30. Galpin C. J. The Social Anatomy of an Agricultural Community. Madison: Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Wisconsin, 1915. 34 p.
31. Griffith D. A. Advanced Spatial Statistics: Special Topics in the Exploration of Quantitative Spatial Data Series. Dordrecht: Springer, 1988. 274 p.
32. Isard W. Location and Space Economy. New York: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Wiley, 1956. 350 p.
33. Jefferson M. Distribution of the World’s City Folks: A Study in Comparative Civilization. Geographical Review, 1931, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 446-465.
34. Kant E. Bevölkerung und Lebensraum Estlands: Ein anthropo-ökologischer Beitrag zur Kunde Baltoskandias. Tartu: Akadeem. Koop, 1935. 280 р.
35. Knaap van der G. A. Stedelijke Bewegingsruimte: over Veranderingen in Stad en Land. The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, 2002. 204 b.
36. Kohl J. G. Der Verkehr und die Ansiedlungen der Menschen in ihrer Abhjängigkeit von der Gestaltung der Erdoberfläche. Dresden – Leipzig: Arnold, 1841. 602 р.
37. Launhardt W. Mathematical Principles of Economics. Aldershot – Brookfield: Edward Elgar, 1992. 208 p.
38. Meijers E. From Central Place to Network Model: Theory and Evidence of a Paradigm Change. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 2007, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 245-259.
39. Parr J. B. The Regional Economy, Spatial Structure and Regional Urban Systems. Regional Studies, 2014, vol. 48, is. 12, pp. 1926-1938.
40. Schlier O. Die zentralen Orte des Deutschen Reichs. Ein statistischer Beitrag zum Städteproblem. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, 1937, рр. 161-169.
41. Thünen J. Isolated state. Oxford – New York: Pergamon Press, 1966. 304 p.
42. Trezib N. Die Theorie der zentralen Orte in Israel und Deutschland: Zur Rezeption Walter Christallers im Kontext von Sharonplan und “Generalplan Ost”. Oldenbourg: De Gruyter, 2014. 665 р.
43. Ullman E. A Theory of Location for Cities. American Journal of Sociology, 1941, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 853-864.
44. Van Meeteren M., Poorthuis A. Christaller and “big data”: recalibrating central place theory via the geoweb. Urban Geography, 2018, vol. 39, is. 1, pp. 122-148.
45. Weber A. Theory of the location of industries. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929. 256 p.
Published
2023-03-25
How to Cite
Dmitriev, R. V., & Gorokhov, S. A. (2023). Central Place Theory: Stages of Development and New Challenges. Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Geography. Geoecology, (1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.17308/geo/1609-0683/2023/1/35-43
Section
Geography
