Особенности коррозии покрытий на основе цинковых сплавов: продукты окисления и селективное растворение цинка. Обзор
Аннотация
В обзоре литературы проанализированы и систематизированы результаты исследований коррозии широко используемых антикоррозионных цинковых покрытий на основе различных бинарных систем Zn-Al, Zn-Mg, Zn-Fe, Zn-Ni, Zn-Co. Изучены закономерности коррозии, роль селективного растворения и продуктов коррозии в повышении коррозионной стойкости покрытий в нейтральных хлоридсодержащих средах. Анализ показывает, что скорость коррозии зависит от химического и фазового состава цинковых покрытий, что обусловлено различиями в коррозионном поведении фазовых составляющих сплавов. Селективное растворение оказывает неоднозначное влияние
на коррозионную стойкость покрытий. С одной стороны, процесс избирательного растворения цинка может сопровождаться образованием коррозионных трещин, что снижает коррозионную стойкость покрытия. С другой стороны, формируется шероховатая поверхность, обогащённая легирующим электроположительным компонентом. Как следствие, шероховатость стимулирует осаждение более плотного и компактного слоя продуктов коррозии, который снижает доступ кислорода и других компонентов электролита к поверхности покрытия. Пленка продуктов коррозии в определенных условиях может обеспечивать дополнительное сопротивление коррозионному процессу за счет низкой электропроводности. При равномерном растворении покрытий происходит как совместное осаждение сложных соединений цинка и легирующих металлов, так и допирование слоя продуктов оксидами или гидроксидами легирующих металлов. Это также приводит к повышению компактности и снижению электропроводности, что увеличивает коррозионную стойкость покрытий. Цель статьи: обзор результатов исследований коррозии цинковых покрытий, физико-химических особенностей формирования и состава слоя продуктов коррозии, влияния продуктов коррозии и селективного растворения на коррозионную стойкость покрытий.
Проведен обзор результатов исследований коррозии цинковых покрытий с учетом образования защитного слоя продуктов коррозии и селективного растворения цинка. На коррозию цинковых покрытий оказывают влияние структура и фазовый состав покрытий, селективное растворение цинка, а также природа слоя продуктов коррозии. Коррозионная стойкость цинковых покрытий увеличивается в случае образования компактного слоя продуктов коррозии с низкой электропроводностью. Положительный эффект на его защитную способность может оказывать селективное растворение цинка за счет образования шероховатой поверхности, способствующей осаждению более плотного слоя продуктов коррозии. В случае равномерного растворения сплавных цинковых покрытий легирующие металлы способны встраиваться в структуру продуктов коррозии цинка, что делает слой более ком-
пактным и приводит к снижению его электропроводности, что заметно повышает коррозионную стойкость покрытий
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