Системы из фторидов натрия и редкоземельных элементов. Обзор
Аннотация
Системы NaF–RF3 из фторидов натрия и трифторидов редкоземельных элементов являются источниками многих функциональных материалов. Проанализированы данные по фазообразованию и фазовым равновесиям в этих системах. Рассмотрены полиморфизм и морфоторопия фторидов РЗЭ с учетом влияния пирогидролиза. Представлен сводный ряд фазовых диаграмм NaF–RF3 и табулированы координаты нонвариантных равновесий. Данные работ Тома с сотрудниками шестидесятых годов ХХ века представляют в настоящее время только исторический интерес. В этих системах образуются фазы переменного состава a-Na0.5–xR0.5+xF2+2x (cubic, R = Pr-Lu, Y) и b-Na3xR2–xF6 (hexagonal, R = La-Lu,Y) со структурами флюорита и гагаринита соответственно. Кроме того, выявлены твердые растворы на основе трифторидов РЗЭ со структурой LaF3 –тисонита (R = La-Gd) и бертоллидная фаза такой структуры в системе с TbF3. Приведены данные о концентрационной зависимости параметров решетки флюоритовых фаз. Высокотемпературные a-фазы с максимумами на кривых плавления позволяют выращивать монокристаллы из расплава. Наблюдается сложная картина упорядочения этих фаз при понижении температуры. Низкотемпературные синтезы промежуточных фаз в этих системах приводят, в соответствии с правилом ступеней Оствальда, к первоначальному образованию неравновесных фаз флюоритовой структуры, обычно обозначаемых как «a-NaRF4», которые затем сменяются равновесными низкотемпературными гексагональными фазами «b-NaRF4». Гексагональная фаза в системе NaF–YF3, легированная иттербием и эрбием («b-NaYF4:Yb,Er», является одним наиболее эффек-
тивных известных ап-конверсионных люминофоров
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Литература
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