THE DEEP SEMANTICS OF THE FORM PERFEKT IN MODERN GERMAN AND THE FACTORS INFLUENCING ITS CHOICE

Abstract

Тhe publication focuses on sentences with the Perfekt form in modern German. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the deep semantics of the Perfekt form in modern German and identify the factors infl uencing the choice of the Perfekt form. The analysis of the factual material allowed us to determine that the basic semantic component of the perfect form is the close connection of the described events of the past with the present moment, or with the moment of speaking. In some cases, the use of the Perfekt form gives the utterance emotivity, and its replacement with Präteritum, on the contrary, deprives it of this property. The connotative coloration of some modes of action can be considered as a factor infl uencing the expansion of the sphere of use of the perfect form. Under certain conditions, the Perfekt form exhibits aspectual properties: predicates, in the semantics of which there is an indication of a state change (reifen, rosten etc.), in the Perfekt form convey the completion of an action with a certain result. In some cases, Perfekt can also be interpreted as a taxic form: the described action in a certain time interval correlates with the event time, and not with the time of speaking. Verbs of speaking are used mainly in the preterital form, since they introduce information that is signifi cant in a communicative way. Predicates with the meaning of being, existentiality and modality, which convey the constant properties of the described objects, in the semantics of which there is no limit designation, are used mainly in the form of Präteritum. Thus, along with an indication of an action in the past at a deep level, Perfekt contains such additional semes as "emotivity", "effectiveness", "novelty of the fact in a communicative way" and "signifi cance for the present moment", and their manifestation depends on the mode of action of the verb, its semantics and the intention of the speaker.