TRANSONIMIZATION AS A WAY OF ONOMASTICON BROADENING (BASED ON THE SPANISH LANGUAGE)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of onyms in the Spanish language, the source of which is transonymization. The classic case of transonymization is the transition hydronym → oikonym → urbanonym, which refers to the universal means of expanding the onomastic space of any language. However, in each language culture, along with the general patterns of transition of onyms from one class to another, there are their own peculiarities. The identifi cation of these features, description of the action of the mechanism of transonymization in the Spanish language culture is the goal of this study. One of the most important sources of transonymization are toponyms, mainly oikonyms, which from the point of view of their word-formation structure can be simple, complex and compound. The article attempts to determine possible correlations between the structure of a geographical name and the ability/potentiality of its transition to other classes of onyms. It is concluded that correlations exist not between the structural types of Spanish toponyms, but between their graphic design – fused or separate writing. Transonymization of univerb onyms, which include simple and complex toponyms, occurs without any transformation of the etymon. Transonymization of compound onyms in some cases can also completely preserve the original three-member structure of the etymon «nombre + de + nombre», which in other cases is invariably reduced to one (nombre) or two components (de + nombre) depending on the transition of the onym to a particular class of proper names. Taking into account the relationship between the original structure of the etymon and the structure of the new class of onym, a distinction is made between complete and partial (incomplete) transonymization. General conclusions are made about the patterns and features of transonymization in the Spanish language and its role in the formation of the Spanish onomasticon. As a result of transonymization in the Spanish language, in addition to the universal transition oikonym → urbanonym, various categories of anthroponyms appear – SUCH AS family names and “Marian” female personal names, dating back to the titular nominations of the Virgin Mary, as well as religious onyms – ecclesionyms and agionims.