Bentonite-based sorbent modified with silver chloride with precipitation technique for capturing anionic radioiodine species
Abstract
The objectives of this study were the development of a sorbent for radioactive iodine in anionic forms based on bentonite clay with silver chloride deposited on the surface and the investigation of its stability in aggressive media. In the presented study, silver chloride was applied to the surface of bentonite by precipitation from a silver diamine chloride solution during evaporation. The formation of silver chloride was confirmed by examining a sample of modified bentonite by X-ray phase analysis. The study of the surface properties of natural and modified bentonite using the low-temperature adsorption of gas showed that silver chloride is deposited mainly in the space of micropores, which complicates the washing out of the deposited silver, and also leads to the stability of the sorbent to the action of light. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to obtain data on the distribution of silver chloride on the surface of bentonite. The sorption of microquantities of 131I in the form of iodide anions from distilled water with samples of natural and modified bentonite was investigated. For both bentonite samples, the sorption equilibrium was established within 1 hour; however, the equilibrium degree of iodine sorption on bentonite with applied silver chloride was 99±14%, while on natural bentonite it was only 32±13%. Studies of the stability of the developed material, in distilled water and a model solution of groundwater of the Nizhnekansky crystalline massif demonstrated, that not more than 10% of the silver deposited on the sorbent was washed out, the proportion of dissolved silver in 1 M solutions of potassium nitrate and sulphate was 25 and 27%, respectively, about 40% of silver was dissolved in nitric acid solutions, the dependence of the proportion of dissolved silver on the acid concentration was not revealed. Thus, even under the influence of aggressive environments, which are not allowed by RW storage projects, the applied silver was not completely washed out, which confirms the preservation of the operational properties of the developed sorbent. As a result of the study, a sorbent based on bentonite clay with silver chloride immobilized on its surface was obtained, a high degree and rate of sorption of iodine-131 in the form of iodide anions, as well as a high stability of the sorbent in aggressive environments were demonstrated.
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