Sorption of nootropics from aqueous media with activated carbon Norit® PK 1-3
Abstract
Recently, the amount of pharmaceutical waste and the contamination of surface and ground waters with drugs built up and, as a result, the toxicological risk for living organisms has increased. Activated carbons are common sorbents for extracting pollutants of various origins from waters, including organic pollutants.
With the use of Norit PK 1-3 active carbon, derived from peat, the sorption of nootropics (NT) - a pharmacological group of correctors of cerebral circulation disorders, of synthetic and natural origin - vinpocetine (VP), cinnarizine (CN), gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) and nicotinic (NA) acids was investigated.
With a sorbent weight of 0.10 g, a solution volume of 100 ml, and a phase contact time of 1 h, the degree of NT extraction was 52-95%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 7.8-72.5 mg/g. The degree of extraction depends on pH and for NA it is maximal in the range from 5 to 11, for VP and CN it is maximal in the range from 7 to 13. GABA is maximally extracted at pH 7. The effect of pH on the extraction efficiency is due to the attraction of opposite charges between the surface of the sorbent and the dissociated form of NT. The sorption kinetics is described by a pseudo-second order model, sorption isotherms (type I) are described by the Langmuir model.
It has been established that sorption depends on the nature of the sorbate – acidity, hydrophobic parameter, the polar surface area of the molecule, the content of various forms of the sorbate in solution [calculated using the MarvinSketch ver. 22.6 (Chemaxon) program] and the charge of the sorbent surface. In addition to hydrophobic interactions, NT are characterized by π-stacking and dipole-dipole interactions.
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References
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