HPLC analysis of synthetic dyes in wastewater
Abstract
The analysis of synthetic dyes in wastewater is an urgent task of modern analytical chemistry since an increased content of dyes in wastewater can have an adverse effect on the environment. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) is often used to control the content of dyes in various objects, which makes it possible to reliably determine the content of specified substances. The purpose of this work was to create and evaluate the metrological characteristics for the method of analysis of synthetic dyes in the industrial wastewater with a high content of inorganic salts. The chromatographic system used in this work was a Knauer high-pressure pump. The separation was performed on a Kromasil 100-5-C18 (w) reverse phase column (4.6 × 250 mm) in the gradient elution mode. Acetonitrile and ammonium acetate solution were used as the mobile phase. Synthetic dyes were detected on an Azura diode array detector. The paper presents the results of concentrating 10 synthetic dyes on commercially available solid phase extraction cartridges that were suitable for working with aqueous solutions with a high content of inorganic salts. For each substance, the degree of concentration from distilled and model wastewater was calculated, which varied from 2 to 98%. Among the analysed cartridges, the highest degree of concentration during operation in conditions close to real wastewater was shown by the Diapak P cartridge, at a pH of the concentrated solution equal to 4. The results of this study were used to develop and validate a method for a simultaneous detection of 10 synthetic food dyes (SFD) (E102, E104, E110, E122, E124, E129, E131, E133, E142, E151) in aqueous and organic solutions. The results of the study can be used to provide analytical control of the content of synthetic dyes in the industrial wastewater. The limit of intermediate precision of the method did not exceed 5%, and the expanded uncertainty of the measurements was less than 10%.
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