Chemisorption of hydrogen on metal oxides with palladium (II) oxide additives
Abstract
Chemisorption can lead to a change in electrical conductivity, which allows using semiconductor materials to create gas sensors. On the other hand, semiconductor sensors can be used as devices for studying the chemisorption of gases. In this work, we set two tasks. The first of them was to create a sensor for the selective determination of hydrogen in air, including in a mixture with other gases. The second task was to determine the mechanism of hydrogen chemisorption on the surface of metal oxides with palladium (II) oxide additives. We obtained and characterised nanodispersed materials based on SnO2 and WO3 with additions of 3% PdO by weight. We compared the electrical characteristics of these materials in stationary temperature conditions as well as with temperature modulation in the presence of hydrogen, methane, and their mixtures. The specific features of hydrogen chemisorption were determined on the surface of metal oxide semiconductors based on SnO2 and WO3 with PdO additives in the temperature modulation mode of the sensor. It was shown that the extrema in the dependence of the sensor’s electrical conductivity on temperature can be explained by the contribution of proton transfer to the total electrical conductivity.
The presence of extrema in the electrical conductivity of sensors, which were observed in thermal modulation mode in the presence of hydrogen, allows conducting qualitative and quantitative analysis of not only single-component gas systems, but also of mixtures of hydrogen with other analyte gases. In particular, this work demonstrated that it was possible to determine the composition of a hydrogen-methane mixture in air using a single metal oxide sensor. The advantage of this approach is that multidimensional data arrays can be easily processed.
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