Study of an ethanol extract of oak wood by capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography, and chromatography-mass spectrometry
Abstract
The study implemented an approach based on a combination of modern instrumental analysis methods, providing an increase in information content in the study of the chemical composition of 65% aqueous-alcoholic extract of oak stave of strong, medium, and low degree of heat treatment, obtained as a result of crushing specially prepared oak wood using a special technology. It was found by the method of capillary electrophoresis that the main cations in the studied samples of extracts are Na+ and K+ ions, which account for up to 90% of the total identified cations, the rest are NH4+, Ca2+ Mg2+ ions. The total mass fractions of cations varied in the range 1.91-12.05 mg/dm3. The correlation between the intensity of heat treatment of oak stave and the content of cations was found. It was shown that, depending on the duration of the contact of the aqueous-alcoholic solution with oak wood, the percentage of the studied components to the sum of the identified cations changed significantly.
The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic impurities was determined by gas chromatography. It was found that the sample prepared with the use of strong annealing of oak stave significantly differed in the composition of the analysed components. In addition to methanol, the content of which fluctuated in the range 0.000382-0.000512% vol., acetic acid – 7.09-9.95 mg/dm3, and 2-propanol 0.42-0.65 mg/dm3, the formation of following compounds was revealed: on the 7th day – furfural – 0.30 mg/dm3, on the 21st day – ethyl formate – 1.29 mg/dm3, on the 28th day - acetaldehyde 0.89 mg/dm3 and 2-phenylethanol – 0.21 mg/dm3 . It was experimentally confirmed that the pH value influenced the course of chemical reactions, as a result of which substances, forming the taste and aroma of alcoholic beverages in contact with oak wood were produced. The following compounds were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysed solution were: vanillin, pyranone, nitric acid propyl ester, acetic acid, furfuryl alcohol, furfural, carbamic acid ethyl ester, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-methylfurfural. The performed research will improve the technologies for the production of alcoholic beverages and contribute to the generation and accumulation of new knowledge in the subject area.
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