Chromatographic and extraction properties of acetonitrile and mixtures of acetonitrile with water
Keywords:
acetonitrile, water, reversed-phase HPLC, liquid-liquid extraction, extraction freezing
Abstract
In 2018 the scientific community celebrates 115 years of discovery of the liquid chromatography method by M.S. Tsvet, and also 50 years since the development of the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The key component of the chromatographic sorbent-sorbate-eluent system, whose optimization is devoted to the authors' studies of the article, is the eluent. High-performance liquid chromatography has become an important method of analysis over the past decades. Acetonitrile is a unique solvent for chromatography. It is used as the main component for water-organic mobile phases in reversed-phase and hydrophilic HPLC. The review discusses the features of its physicochemical properties which should be taken into account in analytical practice. Effective methods of sample preparation are required for the analysis of biologically active substances in different matrices using HPLC. Methods of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of analytes from aqueous solutions with salting out and drying out; micro-LLE; dispersive micro-LLE, low-temperature LLE, extraction by freezing, combined sorption-extraction method QuEChERS are considered. Acetonitrile is used for each of these sample preparation methods. The review discusses the effect of the composition of acetonitrile-water mixtures on such properties as density, viscosity, permeability coefficient, refractive index, optical density, boiling point. The relative polarity, eluting and solubilizing ability of acetonitrile is considered. The advantages and problems of using acetonitrile as a modifier of the mobile phase in reversed-phase HPLC and as a hydrophilic extractant in liquid-liquid extraction.
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References
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2. Schoenmakers P.J., Optimization of chromatographic selectivity. A guide to method development (Journal of Chromatography Library Vol. 35), Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, Elsevier, 1986, 345 p.
3. Rudakov O.B., Vostrov I.A., Fedorov S.V., Filippov A.A. et al., Sputnik khromatografista. Metody zhidkostnoi khromatografii (Methods of Liquid Chromatography. Handbook), Voronezh, Vodoley, 2004, 528 p. (in Russian)
4. Rudakov O.B. Rastvoritel' kak sredstvo upravleniya protsessom v zhidkostnoy khromatografii (Solvent as a means of controlling the process in liquid chromatography). Voronezh, VGU, 2003, 300 p.. (in Russian)
5. Sadek P.C. The HPLC solvent guide. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2002, 664 p.
6. Khorokhordina E.A., Podolina E.A., Rudakov O.B., Zhidkostnaya ekstraktsiya smeshannymi rastvoritelyami. Primeneniye v khimicheskom analize fenolov (Liquid extraction with mixed solvents. Application in the chemical analysis of phenols), Saarbrücken. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012, 240 p. (in Russian)
7. McConvey I.F., Woods D., Lewis M., Gan Q. et al., Org. Process Res. Dev., 2012, Vol.16, No 4, рр. 612-624. DOI: 10.1021/op2003503
8. Pence D.N., Tingyue Gu. Separations Technology, 1996, Vol. 6, No 4, рр. 261-264. DOI: 10.1016/S0956-9618(96)00161-0
9. Rudakov O.B., Khorokhordina E.A., Preobrazhenskii M.A. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2017, Vol. 91, № 4, рp. 754-757. DOI: 10.1134/S0036024417040240
10. Rudakov O.B., Khorokhordina E.A., Preobrazhenskii M.A., Rudakova L.V., Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2016, Vol. 90, No 8, рр. 1665-1668. DOI: 10.1134/S0036024416080264
11. Podolina E.A., Rudakov O.B., Thin F.V., Rudakova L.V. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2010, Vol. 65, No 2, рp. 117-119. DOI: 10.1134/S1061934810020036
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14. Rudakova L.V., Rudakov O.B., Informatsionnyye tekhnologii v analiticheskom kontrole biologicheski aktivnykh veshchestv (Information technology in the analytical control of biologically active substances), St. Petersburg, Lan'., 2015, 361 p. (in Russian)
15. Tingue Gu, Yesong Gu, Yizhou Zheng, Separations Technology, 1994, Vol. 4, No 4, pp. 258-260. DOI: 10.1016/0956-9618(94)80031-6
16. Rudakov O.B., Sokolov M.I., Rudakova L.V., Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1999, Vol. 73, No 7, pp. 1165-1168.
17. Rudakova L.V., Rudakov O.B., Barsukova L.G., Krivneva G.G., Sorbtsionnyye i khromatograficheskiye protsessy, 2012, Vol. 12, No 4, pp. 547-553 (in Russian)
18. Rudakov O.B., Sokolov M.I., Selemenev V.F. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1999, Vol. 73, No 9, pp. 1473-1476.
19. Preobrazhensky M.A., Rudakov O.B., Krivneva G.G., Barsukova L.G. et al., Sorbtsionnyye i khromatograficheskiye protsessy, 2013, Vol. 13, No 3, pp. 298-306 (in Russian)
20. Rudakov O.B., Rudakova L.V., Podolina E.A., Barsukova L.G., Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2009, Vol. 83, No 11, pp. 1972-1975. DOI: 10.1134/S0036024409110272
21. Rudakov O.B., Selemenev V.F., Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1999, Vol. 73, No 12, pp. 2019-2022.
22. Openhaim G., Grushka E., Journal of Chromatography, 2002, Vol. 942, No 1-2, pp. 63-71. DOI: 10.1016/ S0021-9673(01)01355-3
23. Rudakov O.B., Khripushin V.V., Bocharova O.N., Rudakova L.V., Journal of analytical chemistry, 2001, Vol. 56, No 1, pp. 36-42. DOI: 10.1023/A:1026763327616
24. Preobrazhensky M.A., Rudakov O.B., Rudakova L.V., Popova M.I. Nauchnyy Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. Seriya: Fiziko-khimicheskiye problemy i vysokiye tekhnologii stroitel'nogo materialovedeniya, 2015, No 11, рp. 80-89 (in Russian)
25. Rowlen K.L., Harris J.M., Anal. Chem., 1991, Vol. 63, No 10, рр. 964-969. DOI: 10.1021/ac00010a006
26. Rudakov O.B., Bocharova O.N., Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2000, Vol. 74, No 6, рр. 974-979.
27. Reichardt C., Welton T., Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th, upd. and enlarg. ed., Wiley-VCH, 2011, 711 p.
28. Rudakov O.B., Sedishev I.P., Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2003, Vol. 52, No 1, рр. 55-62. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022475710649
29. Rudakov O.B., Rudakova L.V., Sorbtsionnyye i khromatograficheskiye protsessy, 2012, Vol. 12, No 2, рр. 231-239. (in Russian)
30. Yesong Gu, Po-Huhg Shih., Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2004, Vol. 35, No 6-7, рр. 592-597. DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.08.011
31. Roach A., Dunlap J., Harte F., Journal of Food Science, 2009, Vol. 74, No 2, рр.23-29. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01048.x
32. Georgescu B., Georgescu C.E., Animal Biology & Animal Husbandry International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 2013, Vol. 5, No 2, рр.171-174.
33. Podolina E.A., Rudakov O.B., Khorokhordina E.A., Grigorev A.M., Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2008, Vol. 63, No 6, рр. 548-550. DOI: 10.1134/S1061934808060063
34. Rudakov O.B., Khorokhordina E.A., Podolina E.A., Kharitonova L.A., Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2007, Vol. 81, No 12, рр. 2053-2058. DOI: 10.1134/S0036024407120242
35. Sudipta S., Ashok K.S., Amit K.K. et al., Modern Extraction Techniques for Drugs and Medicinal Agents. Ingredients extraction by physicochemical methods in food. Handbook of Food Bioengineering, 2017, Vol. 4, рp. 65-106. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811521-3.00002-8
36. Bekhterev V.N., Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2011, Vol. 66, No 6, рр. 591-595. DOI: 10.1134/S1061934811060025
37. De Pinho G.P., Neves A.A., de Queiroz M.E.L.R. et al., Food chemistry, 2010, Vol. 121, No 1, рp. 251-256. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.080
38. De Pinho G.P., Neves A.A., de Queiroz M.E.L.R. et al., Food control, 2010, Vol. 21, No 10, рp. 1307-1311. DOI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.03.006
39. Goulart S.M., de Queiroz, M.E.L.R., Neves A.A. et al., Talanta, 2008, Vol. 75, No 5, рp. 1320-1323. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.01.058
40. Rahman M.M., Abd El-Aty, A.M., Kim, S.-W. et al., Journal of separation science, 2017, Vol. 40, No 1, рp. 203-212 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600889
41. Wang B., Ezejias T., Hao Feng, Blaschek H. Chemical Engineering Science, 2008, Vol. 63, No 9, рр. 2595-2600. DOI :10.1016/j.ces.2008.02.004
42. Nugbienyo L., Malinina Y., Garmonov S., Talanta, 2017, Vol. 167, рр. 709-713 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.051
43. Anastassiades M., Scherbaum E., Bertsch D., MGPR Symposium (May 2003, Aix en Provence, France), 2003, р.7.
44. Amelin V.G., Lavrukhina O.I., Journal of analytical chemistry, 2017, Vol. 72, No 1, рp. 1-46 DOI: 10.1134/S1061934817010038
45. Bekhterev V.N. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2016, Vol. 90, No 10, рр. 2055-2059. DOI: 10.7868/S0044453716100046
Published
2018-07-21
How to Cite
RudakovО. B., Selemenev, V. F., Rudakova, L. V., & Podolina, E. A. (2018). Chromatographic and extraction properties of acetonitrile and mixtures of acetonitrile with water. Sorbtsionnye I Khromatograficheskie Protsessy, 18(4), 458-478. https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2018.18/554
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