Comparison of the sorption of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde by activated carbon of different grades under static conditions
Abstract
Application of activated carbon for the extraction of organic substances is increasingly widespread in various industries. In this study, we compared the equilibrium characteristics of sorption of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde from aqueous solutions by carbon of various grades: Russian AG-3I, VSK-400 (NPO Neorganica, Russia) and foreign GAC 1240W (Norit, the Netherlands). In this study, we obtained isotherms of aldehyde sorption in the concentration range of 5·10-4-3·10-2 mol/dm3 at a temperature of 298K under static conditions. We noted the high sorption capacity of the studied sorbent samples in relation to hydroxybenzaldehyde. In the case of sorption on Norit GAC 1240W carbon, we observed the formation of a sorbate monolayer on the surface. In areas of high concentrations additional sorption occurred due to the occurrence of sorbate-sorbate interactions. The use of AG-3I and VSK-400 grades also involved the manifestation of several mechanisms (sorbate-sorbent and sorbate-sorbate), which take place simultaneously. Data on polymolecular sorption were confirmed by comparing the capacity characteristics of the carbons by hydroxybenzaldehyde, by molecular iodine, and by methylene blue.
Sorption isotherms were described by a formal approach based on the use of linearised sorption equations of well-known theories: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The highest correlation coefficient of linear dependence for Norit GAC 1240W was noted in the coordinates of the Langmuir-type equation. In the case of AG-3I and VSC-400, the highest value was registered with Freundlich-type sorption equation.
The values of the distribution coefficient of aldehyde in the solution-activated carbon system indicate its monotonous decrease with an increase in the concentration of the sorbate. This is primarily due to steric hindrance during its diffusion into the pores of the carbon.
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