Sorption capacity of soils in Iraq to absorb oil products and heavy metals
Abstract
Today, the issue of pollution remediation caused by oil extraction, refining, and transportation is a topical concern all over the world. It is of particular importance to remediate the polluted areas not only from oil products, but also from heavy metals (HM), as they enter the soil in large quantities as a result of associated petroleum gas combustion. Therefore, the study of the granulometric composition of soil is gaining relevance. The parameter determines the sorption capacity of soil, thereby influencing the migration of pollutants into the adjacent environment.
The aim of the work was to study the sorption capacity of soils in Iraq (with different granulometric composition) for oil products, as well as the gross content of HM (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn) and mobile compounds of HM at different distances from oil production and processing enterprises and facilities involved in oil extraction.
In our study, we focused on the soils of northern Iraq (arenic calcisols of Qayyarah and calcic vertisols of Daquq) with different granulometric compositions. The samples were taken near oil production and refining enterprises in 2021, at different distances from the oil spill and flares. Based on the obtained data, we detected an increase in the levels of oil products, gross content of HM, and HM mobile compounds compared to the reference area, which was not subjected to any anthropogenic contamination. Calcic vertisols are heavy-textured and have a higher sorption capacity for the pollutants under study. Their increased sorption capacity leads to the accumulation of pollutants on the soil surface, and it is possible to remove them mechanically. The arenic calcisols are light-textured, so, pollutants are able to migrate intensively down the soil, entering the adjacent layers. Regular dust storms in the studied area contribute to the migration of pollutants over considerable distances from the source of pollution, which leads to the emergence of secondary centres of pollution of the territory.
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References
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