Исследование влияния геологических факторов на биологические сообщества природного водотока на примере реки Мзымта
Ключевые слова:
экзогенные геологические процессы, локальная гидрохимическая аномалия, техногенные факторы, гидробиоценоз, макрозообентос, биоиндикация, биотестирование, интегрированное управление водными ресурсами
Аннотация
Цель – определение и анализ влияния основных геологических факторов, выявленных для исследуемой территории, на структуру и жизнедеятельность речных биоценозов на примере реки Мзымта. Материалы и методы. Исследование носит мультидисциплинарный характер и включает в себя методы геологии – при определении и систематизации опасных геологических процессов и факторов техногенеза на основе сбора, обобщения и анализа архивных, фондовых и публичных материалов геологических, геохимических, геофизических изысканий и рекогносцировочного обследования бассейна реки Мзымта, а также биологии – при определении воздействия этих факторов и их комплексов на сообщества гидробионтов в исследуемом водном объекте методами биоиндикации и биотестирования. Результаты и обсуждение. Идентифицированы три основные группы геологических факторов, оказывающих значительное негативное воздействие на биотопы водотока: экзогенные геологические процессы, локальные геохимические аномалии и техногенез. Анализ физико-химических показателей качества воды показал, что, в основном, негативное воздействие геологических процессов заключается в повышении концентраций взвешенных веществ, заиления донного субстрата и повышении содержания растворенных загрязнителей в речной воде, что приводит к нарушению структуры и деградации гидробиоценозов. Выводы. Использование биологических методов позволило выявить степень влияния идентифицированных геологических факторов на сообщества гидробионтов, а также установить наличие синергизма их воздействия на функционирование биологических систем водотока.
Скачивания
Данные скачивания пока не доступны.
Литература
1. Abakumov V. A. Rukovodstvo po metodam gidrobilogicheskogo analiza poverkhnostnykh vod i donnykh otlozheniy [Guidelines on methods of hydrobiological analysis of surface waters and bottom sediments]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983. 240 p. (In Russ.)
2. Bityukov N. A., Shagarov L. M. Vliyanie rubok glavnogo pol'zovaniya na vodnyy balans malykh vodosborov v bukovykh lesakh severo-zapadnogo Kavkaza [Final Cuttings Impact on the Water Balance in Beech Forests of the Small Hydrological Basins of North-Western Cau-
casus]. Lesovedenie, 2020, no. 4, pp. 314-326. (In Russ.) DOI
3. Gorbunova T. L. Analiz transformatsii gidrobiotsenozov rek v regionakh s rekreatsionno-turistskoy spetsializatsiey [The analysis of mountain rivers hydrobiocenoses transformation in areas with recreation and tourism specialization]. Sbornik materialov I Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii «Aktual'nye napravleniya sbalansirovannogo razvitiya gornykh territoriy v kontekste mezhdistsiplinarnogo podkhoda», 2019, pp. 232–237. (In Russ.)
4. Gorbunova T. L. Zonirovanie vodotoka reki Mzymta na osnove integral'noy otsenki ekologicheskogo zdorov'ya ee gidrobiotsenozov [Zoning of the Mzymta river watercourse on the basis of an integrated assessment of the ecological health of its hydrobiocenoses]. Sbornik statey VII Vserossiyskoy (natsional'noy) nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Ustoychivoe razvitie osobo okhranyaemykh prirodnykh territoriy», 2020, pp. 104–114. (In Russ.)
5. Gorbunova T. L., Matova N. I. Metodologiya monitoringa i upravleniya ekologicheskim sostoyaniem rek s ispol'zovaniem integral'nykh bioindikatorov i metodov upravleniya kachestvom [Monitoring and management of the river’s ecological state methodology using integral biomarkers and Quality Management methods]. Ustoychivoe razvitie gornykh territoriy, 2020, vol. 12, no. 4 (46), pp. 483-492. (In Russ.) DOI
6. Gudkova N. K. Vozmozhnye ekologicheskie posledstviya aktivizatsii opasnykh ekzogennykh geologicheskikh protsessov pri realizatsii planov razvitiya rekreatsionno-turistskikh territoriy v sochinskom regione [Possible environmental consequences of the activation of dangerous exogenous geological processes in the implementation of plans for the development of recreational and tourist areas in the Sochi region]. Sbornik nauchnykh statey po materialam II nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Ekologicheskie problemy i strategiya ustoychivogo razvitiya aglomeratsii gorodkurort Sochi», 2016, pp. 141-146. (In Russ.)
7. Gudkova N. K. Identifikatsiya faktorov negativnogo vliyaniya na vodnye ekosistemy v usloviyakh rasshireniya kurortov v sochinskom regione [Identification of factors of negative impact on aquatic ecosystems in the context of the expansion of resorts in the Sochi region]. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya, 2020, no. 9, pp. 46-51. (In Russ.) DOI
8. Gudkova N. K. Metody sovershenstvovaniya mekhanizmov upravleniya riskami aktivizatsii opasnykh geologicheskikh protsessov dlya ustoychivogo razvitiya gornykh territoriy [Methods of improving risk management mechanisms for the activation of dangerous geological processes for sustainable development of mountain territories]. Groznenskiy estestvennonauchnyy byulleten', 2018, vol. 3, no. 4 (12), pp. 39-46. (In Russ.) DOI
9. Gudkova N. K. Monitoring geologicheskoy sredy olimpiyskikh ob"ektov v Sochi [Monitoring of the geological environment of Olympic facilities in Sochi]. Sistemy kontrolya okruzhayushchey sredy, 2016, no. 3 (23), pp. 130-133. (In Russ.)
10. Gudkova N. K., Gorbunova T. L. Otsenka vliyaniya stokov adlerskogo poligona tverdykh kommunal'nykh otkhodov na biotsenozy reki Kherota [Assessment of impact of adlersky landfill of solid municipal waste effluent to the river Herota biocenoses]. Sistemy kontrolya okruzhayushchey sredy, 2017, no. 9 (29), pp. 115-121. (In Russ.)
11. Gudkova N. K., Gorbunova T. L., Lyubimtsev A. L. Identifikatsiya ekologicheskikh riskov, svyazannykh s razvitiem rekreatsionno-turisticheskikh regionov Chernomorskogo poberezh'ya Kavkaza na primere kompleksnoy otsenki ekosistemy gornoy reki Laura [The identification of the ecological risks concerning the recreation-tourist regions development of the Caucasian Black Sea shore using the complex estimation of the mountain river Laura ecosystem]. Ustoychivoe razvitie gornykh territoriy, 2018, vol. 10, no. 1 (35), pp. 23-34. DOI
12. Ezhegodnik kachestva poverkhnostnykh vod Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2016. – URL
13. RD 52.24.309-2011. Organizatsiya i provedenie rezhimnykh nablyudeniy za sostoyaniem i zagryazneniem poverkhnostnykh vod sushi [Organization and conduct of routine observations of the state and pollution of surface waters of the land]. Rostov-on-Donu: Gidrometeoizdat, 2011. 26 p. (In Russ.)
14. Tumanova A. L., Gudkova N. K., Gorbunova T. L., Pachuliya E. R. Vozmozhnosti i predposylki utilizatsii otkhodov kar'erov na Chernomorskom poberezh'e s ispol'zovaniem biologicheskikh metodov [Opportunities and prerequisites for quarries waste utilization on the Black Sea coast using biological methods]. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya, 2019, no. 10, pp. 120-125. (In Russ.)
15. FR.1.39.2007.03221. Metodika opredeleniya toksichnosti vody i vodnykh vytyazhek iz pochv, osadkov stochnykh vod, otkhodov po smertnosti i izmeneniyu plodovitosti tseriodafniy. Biologicheskie metody kontrolya [Methodology for determining the toxicity of water and water extracts from soils, sewage sludge, waste by mortality and changes in the fertility of ceriodaphnia. Biological control methods.]. Moscow: Akvaros, 2007. 56 p. (In Russ.)
16. Francisco D., Elias M., Francis A. et al. Chronic toxicity bioassay with Ceriodaphnia Dubia: an evaluation of toxicity test-based approach for determination the sources of chronic tоxicity and evaluation of culture dilution water and diet as determinants of test outcomes. Materials of Water Resouce research Institute. – URL
17. Gorbunova T. L. Analysis of toxicity of iron-titanium opencast mining and concentration site discharge. Actual problems of humanitarian and natural science, 2017, vol. 6, pp. 7-16.
18. Gudkova N. K. Identification and ranking of environmental impacts intensify geological processes in the recreational and tourist regions of Southern Russia. European Geographical Studies, 2016, vol. 12, no. 4, р. 141-151.
2. Bityukov N. A., Shagarov L. M. Vliyanie rubok glavnogo pol'zovaniya na vodnyy balans malykh vodosborov v bukovykh lesakh severo-zapadnogo Kavkaza [Final Cuttings Impact on the Water Balance in Beech Forests of the Small Hydrological Basins of North-Western Cau-
casus]. Lesovedenie, 2020, no. 4, pp. 314-326. (In Russ.) DOI
3. Gorbunova T. L. Analiz transformatsii gidrobiotsenozov rek v regionakh s rekreatsionno-turistskoy spetsializatsiey [The analysis of mountain rivers hydrobiocenoses transformation in areas with recreation and tourism specialization]. Sbornik materialov I Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii «Aktual'nye napravleniya sbalansirovannogo razvitiya gornykh territoriy v kontekste mezhdistsiplinarnogo podkhoda», 2019, pp. 232–237. (In Russ.)
4. Gorbunova T. L. Zonirovanie vodotoka reki Mzymta na osnove integral'noy otsenki ekologicheskogo zdorov'ya ee gidrobiotsenozov [Zoning of the Mzymta river watercourse on the basis of an integrated assessment of the ecological health of its hydrobiocenoses]. Sbornik statey VII Vserossiyskoy (natsional'noy) nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Ustoychivoe razvitie osobo okhranyaemykh prirodnykh territoriy», 2020, pp. 104–114. (In Russ.)
5. Gorbunova T. L., Matova N. I. Metodologiya monitoringa i upravleniya ekologicheskim sostoyaniem rek s ispol'zovaniem integral'nykh bioindikatorov i metodov upravleniya kachestvom [Monitoring and management of the river’s ecological state methodology using integral biomarkers and Quality Management methods]. Ustoychivoe razvitie gornykh territoriy, 2020, vol. 12, no. 4 (46), pp. 483-492. (In Russ.) DOI
6. Gudkova N. K. Vozmozhnye ekologicheskie posledstviya aktivizatsii opasnykh ekzogennykh geologicheskikh protsessov pri realizatsii planov razvitiya rekreatsionno-turistskikh territoriy v sochinskom regione [Possible environmental consequences of the activation of dangerous exogenous geological processes in the implementation of plans for the development of recreational and tourist areas in the Sochi region]. Sbornik nauchnykh statey po materialam II nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Ekologicheskie problemy i strategiya ustoychivogo razvitiya aglomeratsii gorodkurort Sochi», 2016, pp. 141-146. (In Russ.)
7. Gudkova N. K. Identifikatsiya faktorov negativnogo vliyaniya na vodnye ekosistemy v usloviyakh rasshireniya kurortov v sochinskom regione [Identification of factors of negative impact on aquatic ecosystems in the context of the expansion of resorts in the Sochi region]. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya, 2020, no. 9, pp. 46-51. (In Russ.) DOI
8. Gudkova N. K. Metody sovershenstvovaniya mekhanizmov upravleniya riskami aktivizatsii opasnykh geologicheskikh protsessov dlya ustoychivogo razvitiya gornykh territoriy [Methods of improving risk management mechanisms for the activation of dangerous geological processes for sustainable development of mountain territories]. Groznenskiy estestvennonauchnyy byulleten', 2018, vol. 3, no. 4 (12), pp. 39-46. (In Russ.) DOI
9. Gudkova N. K. Monitoring geologicheskoy sredy olimpiyskikh ob"ektov v Sochi [Monitoring of the geological environment of Olympic facilities in Sochi]. Sistemy kontrolya okruzhayushchey sredy, 2016, no. 3 (23), pp. 130-133. (In Russ.)
10. Gudkova N. K., Gorbunova T. L. Otsenka vliyaniya stokov adlerskogo poligona tverdykh kommunal'nykh otkhodov na biotsenozy reki Kherota [Assessment of impact of adlersky landfill of solid municipal waste effluent to the river Herota biocenoses]. Sistemy kontrolya okruzhayushchey sredy, 2017, no. 9 (29), pp. 115-121. (In Russ.)
11. Gudkova N. K., Gorbunova T. L., Lyubimtsev A. L. Identifikatsiya ekologicheskikh riskov, svyazannykh s razvitiem rekreatsionno-turisticheskikh regionov Chernomorskogo poberezh'ya Kavkaza na primere kompleksnoy otsenki ekosistemy gornoy reki Laura [The identification of the ecological risks concerning the recreation-tourist regions development of the Caucasian Black Sea shore using the complex estimation of the mountain river Laura ecosystem]. Ustoychivoe razvitie gornykh territoriy, 2018, vol. 10, no. 1 (35), pp. 23-34. DOI
12. Ezhegodnik kachestva poverkhnostnykh vod Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2016. – URL
13. RD 52.24.309-2011. Organizatsiya i provedenie rezhimnykh nablyudeniy za sostoyaniem i zagryazneniem poverkhnostnykh vod sushi [Organization and conduct of routine observations of the state and pollution of surface waters of the land]. Rostov-on-Donu: Gidrometeoizdat, 2011. 26 p. (In Russ.)
14. Tumanova A. L., Gudkova N. K., Gorbunova T. L., Pachuliya E. R. Vozmozhnosti i predposylki utilizatsii otkhodov kar'erov na Chernomorskom poberezh'e s ispol'zovaniem biologicheskikh metodov [Opportunities and prerequisites for quarries waste utilization on the Black Sea coast using biological methods]. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya, 2019, no. 10, pp. 120-125. (In Russ.)
15. FR.1.39.2007.03221. Metodika opredeleniya toksichnosti vody i vodnykh vytyazhek iz pochv, osadkov stochnykh vod, otkhodov po smertnosti i izmeneniyu plodovitosti tseriodafniy. Biologicheskie metody kontrolya [Methodology for determining the toxicity of water and water extracts from soils, sewage sludge, waste by mortality and changes in the fertility of ceriodaphnia. Biological control methods.]. Moscow: Akvaros, 2007. 56 p. (In Russ.)
16. Francisco D., Elias M., Francis A. et al. Chronic toxicity bioassay with Ceriodaphnia Dubia: an evaluation of toxicity test-based approach for determination the sources of chronic tоxicity and evaluation of culture dilution water and diet as determinants of test outcomes. Materials of Water Resouce research Institute. – URL
17. Gorbunova T. L. Analysis of toxicity of iron-titanium opencast mining and concentration site discharge. Actual problems of humanitarian and natural science, 2017, vol. 6, pp. 7-16.
18. Gudkova N. K. Identification and ranking of environmental impacts intensify geological processes in the recreational and tourist regions of Southern Russia. European Geographical Studies, 2016, vol. 12, no. 4, р. 141-151.
Опубликован
2022-10-20
Как цитировать
Гудкова, Н. К., Горбунова, Т. Л., & Матова, Н. И. (2022). Исследование влияния геологических факторов на биологические сообщества природного водотока на примере реки Мзымта. Вестник ВГУ. Серия: География. Геоэкология, (3), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.17308/geo/1609-0683/2022/3/23-33
Выпуск
Раздел
География
