Current State of Mountain Forest Soils in the Pool Zeyamchay and Mountain- Black Soils near the Village of Dyuzyurt

Abstract

In this article discusses the natural and anthropogenic degradation of mountain-brown forest soils under a beech forest, and of mountain-brown forest soils under hornbeam oak forests in the Zeyemchay basin and carbonate black soils near the village of Dyuzyurt. The relief of the investigated territories highly erosion-hazardous, represented from the strongly dissected lowlands, middle mountains and mountain-gorge basins, quite densely indented by mountain rivers. In these zones, soils spread in the dry lowlands and in the upper moistened part of the middle mountains. The planet needs the rational use of forest resources in order to combat erosion and soil conservation. Soils provide the basis for the growth of trees and entire forests. Soils are an essential component of forests and forest ecosystems because they are involved in the regulation of important ecosystem processes such as nutrient uptake, decomposition, and water balance. By reducing the risk of soil erosion and the threat of landslides and avalanches, the rational use of forest resources greatly contributes to the functioning of systems responsible for maintaining clean water reserves on the planet, as well as a balanced water cycle. Soils give trees rooting opportunities and, in turn, forest trees, as well as other plants and vegetation, are important factors in protecting soil cover. Therefore, the effect of some of the soil properties on the growth and development of tree species in forest cenotes has been clarified. In the studied territories, soil sections were laid. The influence of the height, incline, exposure of the slopes, the composition of the forest cover, the lithological composition of the parent rocks and the physicochemical composition of the soil, and other factors on the intensity of the degradation process was studied. In addition, the physico- chemical composition of these soils along the soil profileprevious years (1966-1990).