Стратегические направления обеспечения экологической и гидрометеорологической безопасности России в условиях современных климатических изменений
Ключевые слова:
глобальные изменения климата, климатические риски, гидрометеорологическая и экологическая безопасность
Аннотация
В статье обсуждаются концептуальные основы формирования стратегии обеспечения экологической и гидрометеорологической безопасности России в условиях современных климатических изменений. Определены угрозы экологической безопасности, вызванные климатическими изменениями. Сформулированы основные направления и механизмы обеспечения экологической и гидрометеорологической безопасности, базирующиеся на развитии систем гидрометеорологического мониторинга и развитии всех видов гидрометеорологических наблюдений; расширении сети автоматических метеорологических станций и морских наблюдательных платформ; осуществлении научных исследований с целью повышения качества прогнозирования погодно-климатических явлений; исследовании и оценке возможных в будущем изменений регионального климата в регионах России, а также их последствий; разработке системы критериев, параметров (пороговых значений), условий безопасности каждого региона в отношении изменений климата; разработке мер по адаптации экономики и общества к изменениям климата; разработке технологий и проектов минимизации рисков негативного влияния экстремальных погодных явлений и климатических изменений в процессе социально-экономического развития регионов.
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Литература
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2. Global'nye klimaticheskie izmeneniya: regional'nye effekty, modeli, prognozy: materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Global climate change: regional effects, models, forecasts : materials of the International scientific-practical conference], Voronezh: Tsifrovaya poligrafiya, 2019, Vol. 1, 532 p, Vol. 2, 444 p.
3. Doklad o klimaticheskikh riskakh na territorii Rossiyskoy Federatsii, pod red. V. M. Kattsova [Report on climate risks in the Russian Federation], Sankt-Peterburg : Glavnaya geofizicheskaya observatoriya im. A. I. Voeykova, 2017, 106 p.
4. Kattsov V. M, Profir'ev B. N, Adaptatsiya Rossii k izmeneniyu klimata: kontseptsiya natsional'nogo plana [Adaptation of Russia to climate change: concept of a national plan]. Trudy Glavnoy geofizicheskoy observatorii im. A. I. Voeykova, 2017, No. 586, pp. 7-20.
5. Klimaticheskaya doktrina Rossiyskoy Federatsii : utverzhdena Rasporyazheniem Prezidenta RF ot 17.12.2009 No. 861-rp. (Climatic doctrine of the Russian Federation: approved by Order of the President of the Russian Federation of December 17, 2009 No. 861-rp.), Available at: https://meteoinfo.ru/climatedoctrine.
6. Kontseptsiya gidrometeorologicheskoy bezopasnosti gosudarstv, uchastnikov Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv : utverzhdena Resheniem Soveta glav pravitel'stv SNG 16.04.2004 (The concept of hydrometeorological safety of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States: approved by the decision of the Council of Heads of Government of the CIS on 04.16.2004), URL.
7. Plan meropriyatiy po realizatsii Strategii ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2025 goda : utverzhden Rasporyazheniem Pravitel'stva RF ot 29.05.2019 No. 1124-r. (Plan of measures for the implementation of the Environmental Safety Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025: approved by Or- der of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2019 No. 1124-r.), URL.
8. Spetsial'nyy doklad mezhpravitel'stvennoy gruppy ekspertov po izmeneniyu klimata «Upravlenie riskami ekstremal'nykh yavleniy i stikhiynykh bedstviy v tselyakh sodeystviya adaptatsii k izmeneniyam klimata» (Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, «Management of Extreme Risks and Natural Disasters to Promote Adaptation to Climate Change»), MGEIK, 2012, URL.
9. Strategiya deyatel'nosti v oblasti gidrometeorologii i smezhnykh s ney oblastyakh na period do 2030 goda s uchetom aspektov izmeneniya klimata : utverzhdena Rasporyazheniem Pravitel'stva RF ot 03.09.2010 g. No. 1458-r. (The activity strategy in the field of hydrometeorology and related areas for the period up to 2030, taking into account the aspects of climate change: approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 03.09.2010 No. 1458-r.), URL.
10. Strategiya ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2025 goda : utverzhdena Ukazom Prezidenta RF ot 19.04.2017 (The environmental safety strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025: approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 19, 2017 No. 176), No. 176, URL.
11. Federal'nyy zakon «O gidrometeorologicheskoy sluzhbe» (The Federal Law «On the Hydrometeorological Service») (ot 19.07.1998 No. 113-FZ), URL.
12. Fedotov V. I., Neklimaticheskie indikatory potepleniya klimata [Nonclimatic indicators of climate warming]. Regional'nye effekty global'nykh izmeneniy klimata : materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii (Regional effects of global climate change: proceedings of an international scientific conference), Voronezh, 2012, pp. 344-347.
13. Fedotov V. I., Antropogeogenez, rukotvornyy protsess v geograficheskoy obolochke Zemli [Anthropogeogenesis – a man-made process in the geographic shell of the Earth]. Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki, 2019, No. 2, pp. 105-110.
14. The Human Cost of Weather-Related Disasters 1995-2015, The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), CRED's Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), URL.
Опубликован
2019-10-23
Как цитировать
Бедрицкий, А. И., Куролап, С. А., Вильфанд, Р. М., & Дмитриева, В. А. (2019). Стратегические направления обеспечения экологической и гидрометеорологической безопасности России в условиях современных климатических изменений. Вестник ВГУ. Серия: География. Геоэкология, (4), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.17308/geo.2019.4/2706
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Статьи
