Synthesis of magnetic chromium substituted cobalt ferrite Co(CrxFe1–x)2O4 adsorbents for phosphate removal
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to prepare chromium substituted cobalt ferrite Co(CrxFe1–x)2O4 powders by a simple coprecipitationannealing method with different Cr contents to create novel magnetic adsorbents for the removal of phosphate ions from water. The effects of Cr substitution on the crystal structure, phase composition, morphology, surface atomic composition, surface area and magnetic properties of our adsorbents were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption-desorption and vibrating sample magnetometry. According to the results, all our Co(CrxFe1–x)2O4 samples exhibited higher phosphate adsorption than CoFe2O4 powder but their magnetic properties were reduced for increasing Cr substitution. Among them, the Co(Cr0.25Fe0.75)2O4 sample was found to be the most promising material since its magnetic properties are still high to allow it to be easily separated from the solution and its maximum P adsorption capacity (according to the Langmuir model) was estimated to be 4.84 times higher than CoFe2O4, which can be attributed to the presence of Cr3+ ions on the surface and the enhanced surface specific area of this substituted sample. Moreover, the adsorption data of Co(Cr0.25Fe0.75)2O4 sample also fitted well
to the pseudo second order kinetic model, revealing the adsorption rate constant of 0.87 mgP–1s–1, two times superior to CoFe2O4.
Downloads
References
Cooperband L. R., Good L. W. Biogenic phosphate minerals in manure: implications for phosphorus loss to surface waters. Environmental Science & Technology. 2002;36(23): 5075–5082. https://doi.org/10.1021/es025755f
Oguz E., Gurses A., Canpolat N. Removal of phosphate from wastewaters. Cement and Concrete Research. 2003;33(8): 1109–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00016-4
Smith V. H., Schindler D. W. Eutrophication science: where do we go from here? Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2009;24(4): 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.009
Guo H., Li W., Wang H., Zhang J., Liu Y., Zhou Y. A study of phosphate adsorption by different temperature treated hydrous cerium oxides. Rare Metals. 2011;30: 58–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-011-0197-5
Cheng X., Huang X., Wang X., Sun D. J. Influence of calcination on the adsorptive removal of phosphate by Zn–Al layered double hydroxides from excess sludge liquor. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010;177: 516–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.063
Lu S. G., Bai S. Q., Zhu L., Shan H. D. Removal mechanism of phosphate from aqueous solution by fly ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009;161: 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.123
Delaneya P., Manamon C. M., Hanrahan J. P., Copley M. P., Holmes J. D., Morris M. A. Development of chemically engineered porous metal oxides for phosphate removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2011;185: 382–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.128
Zhang X., Sun F., He J., Xu H., Cui F., Wang W. Robust phosphate capture over inorganic adsorbents derived from lanthanum metal organic frameworks. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2017;326: 1086–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.06.052
Santos L. C., da Silva A. F., dos Santos Lins P. V., da Silva Duarte J. L., Ide A. H., Meili L. Mg-Fe layered double hydroxide with chloride intercalated: Synthesis, characterization and application for efficient nitrate removal. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020;27: 5890–5900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07364-4
Sunday K. J., Taheri M. L. NiZnCu-ferrite coated iron powder for soft magnetic composite applications. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2018;463: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.05.030
Anupama A. V., Kumaran V., Sahoo B. Application of Ni-Zn ferrite powders with polydisperse spherical particles in magnetorheological fluids. Powder Technology. 2018;338: 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.07.008
Hoang N. T. P., Le T. K. Polyethylene glycolassisted sol-gel synthesis of magnetic CoFe2O4 powder as photo-Fenton catalysts in the presence of oxalic acid. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. 2018;88: 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4783-y
Lai L., Xie Q., Chi L., Gu W., Wu D. Adsorption of phosphate from water by easily separable Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with hydrous lanthanum oxide. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2016;465: 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.043
Lin Z, Chen J. Magnetic Fe3O4@MgAl-LDH@La(OH)3 composites with a hierarchical core-shellstructure for phosphate removal from wastewater and inhibition of labile sedimentary phosphorus release. Chemosphere. 2021; 264: 128551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128551
APHA (American Public Health Association). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 19th ed. APHA, Washington, DC. 1995.
Raghasudha M., Ravinder D., Veerasomaiah P. Magnetic properties of Cr-substituted Co-ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by citrate-gel autocombustion method. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry. 2013;3: 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8865-3-63
Li Z., Dai J., Cheng C., Suo Z., quing W. Synthesis and magnetic properties of chromium doped cobalt ferrite nanotubes. Materials Research Express. 2020;7: 086102. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/abae26
Fournier J. T., Landry R. J. ESR of Exchange coupled Cr3+ ions in phosphate glass. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1971;55: 2522–2525. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1676442
Worsztynowicza A., Kaczmareka S. M., Kurzawab M., Bosacka M. Magnetic study of Cr3+ ion in M2CrV3O11–x (M=Zn, Mg) compounds. Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2005;178: 2231–2236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2005.04.033
Shannon R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and
halcogenides. Acta Crystallographica Section A. 1976;32: 751–767. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001551
Del Bubba M., Arias C. A., Brix H. Phosphorus adsorption maximum of sands for use as media in subsurface flow constructed reed beds as measured by the Langmuir isotherm, Water Research. 2003;37: 3390–3400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00231-8
Rai D., Moore D. A., Hess N. J., Rao L., Clark S. B. Chromium(III) hydroxide solubility in the aqueous Na+–OH––H2PO4 ––HPO42––PO43––H2O system: a thermodynamic model. Journal of Solution Chemistry. 2007;36: 1213–1242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-007-9179-5
Lente G., Magalhães M. E. A., Fábián. I. Kinetics and mechanism of complex formation reactions in the iron(III)-phosphate ion system at large iron(III) excess. Formation of a tetranuclear complex. Inorganic Chemistry. 2000;39: 1950–1954. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic991017p
Copyright (c) 2022 Condensed Matter and Interphases
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.