Поликонденсация в условиях спрея водно-спиртового раствора молочной кислоты
Аннотация
В процессах поликонденсации одной из проблем является удаление низкомолекулярных продуктов и отвод выделяющегося при реакции тепла. В качестве эффективного решения этих проблем в работе предложено проведение поликонденсации в условиях спрея.
На примере обратимой реакции поликонденсации молочной кислоты показано, что размерные эффекты позволяют заметно влиять на конверсию, степень полимеризации и скорость процессов. Методами химической термодинамики показано, что в спрее химическое равновесие сдвигается в сторону образования полилактида. При этом переконденсация летучих компонентов (вода, молочная кислота, растворитель) стабилизирует в каплях спрея концентрации реагентов и температуру на протяжении всего процесса. Приведены модельные эксперименты,
подтверждающие полученные закономерности. Микроскопическое наблюдение сидячих капель водного и водно-спиртового растворов молочной кислоты демонстрируют образование полилактида при нормальных условиях (без нагрева, катализатора, вакуумирования).
Описанные закономерности имеют термодинамическую природу и актуальны для процессов полимеризации и поликонденсации с участием летучих мономеров и растворителей.
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