Migration in rural areas and its effect on labour resources
Abstract
Introduction. When analysing the labour resources of the Lipetsk Region, we noticed that there have been no significant changes. However, a large number of researches stress that rural areas face a significant population outflow. The analysis of the statistics demonstrated that there is a two-way migration to and from rural areas: while some of the population migrates from rural areas to cities, there are also people who move from cities to rural areas. Therefore, we suggest that the migration processes occurring in rural areas are more complicated.
Purpose. The purpose of our study was to determine the scale and direction of migration flows in rural areas, the causes of migration, and the effect of migration on the labour resources in rural areas.
Methodology. The study was based on statistical data from Lipetskstat and information on labour resources from the Department of Labour and Employment of the Lipetsk Region. The study employed statistical methods, economic analysis, correlation-regression analysis, interpretation, and logical methods.
Results. The study demonstrated that a large portion of the region’s population (up to 20%, including both those leaving and those arriving) is involved in the migration process. In 2012-2018, the migration gain in the rural areas of the Lipetsk Region was 5,867 people, with the overall migration rate being quite high. However, the migration rate varies greatly depending on the municipal body: half of them saw a loss, while others saw a gain. Over half of the migrants move within the region, and a third moved to or from other regions. The factors making a particular rural area attractive for migration are the following: proximity to the regional capital city, industrial areas, good ecology, and good infrastructure.
Conclusions. The study demonstrated that migration has little influence on the number of workers in rural areas. The main cause of migration from rural areas is the lack of qualified jobs with competitive salaries.
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