PECULIARITIES OF STRUCTURAL PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN PROTON EXCHANGED LAYERS OF Z-CUT LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL DURING ANNEALING

  • Igor V. Petukhov Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Department of Physical Chemistry; Perm State University, Perm, Russia; tel.: +7(342) 2396789, e-mail: petukhov-309@yandex.ru
  • Sergey S. Myshinsky Engineer, Perm State University, Perm, Russia; tel.: +7(342) 2396789, e-mail: sergey.mushinsky@gmail.com
  • Mariya A. Permyakova graduate student, Department of Physical Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm, Russia; tel.: +7(342) 2396789
  • Vladimir I. Kichigin Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Researcher, Department of Physical Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm, Russia; tel.: +7(342) 2396452, e-mail: kichigin@psu.ru
  • Ljudmila N. Malinina Engineer of Solid State Physics Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia; tel.: +7(342) 2396383
  • Anatoliy B. Volyntsev Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Head of Solid State Physics Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia; tel.: +7(342) 2396410, e-mail: voland@psu.ru
Keywords: lithium niobate, Z-cut, proton exchange, annealing, phase transformation.

Abstract

Lithium niobate crystals are widely used in the manufacturing of integrated optical phase and intensity modulators. The production method is based on the formation of optical waveguides in the surface layers of LiNbO3 by means of proton exchange. Subsequent annealing of proton-exchanged structures is usually performed in order to obtain stable and low-loss waveguides.

The aim of this paper is to study phase transitions in the surface layer of proton-exchanged waveguides on Z-cuts of lithium niobate crystals during annealing. In our research, the following methods were used: polarized light optical microscopy (bright field and dark field), mode spectroscopy (determination of the refractive index profile), IR-spectroscopy, and XRD (q/2q curves). Congruent lithium niobate (Sipat) was used as a material. Proton exchange was carried out in molten benzoic acid at 190 °С for 2 hours. The samples were then annealed at 1-hour intervals at 330 °С. The total duration of annealing was 18 hours.

The sequence of the phase transformations at annealing proton-exchange layers on Z-cut lithium niobate crystals is similar to that on X cut: b1, b2-phase ® k2-phase ® k1-phase ® α-phase. The difference is that k1-phase particles are not formed during annealing and the coherence of the layers of different phases is not disturbed. This results from a lesser magnitude of strains in proton-exchange phases on Z cut LiNbO3 as compared to X cut.

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 17-43-590309 р_а).

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Korkishko Yu. N., Fedorov V. A., Kostritskii S. M., Alkaev A. N., Maslennikov E. I., Paderin E. M., Apraksin D. V., Laurell F. Microelectronic Engineering, 2003, vol. 69, pp. 228–236. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-9317(03)00302-2
2. Korkishko Yu. N., Fedorov V. A. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 1996, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 187–196. DOI: 10.1109/2944.577359
3. Kostritskii S. M., Korkishko Yu. N., Fedorov V. A., Sevostyanov O. G., Chirkova I. M., Mitrokhin V. P. J. Appl. Spectroscopy, 2015, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 234–241. DOI: 10.1007/s10812-015-0091-2
4. Suchoski P. G., Findakly T. K., Leonberger F. J. Optics Letters, 1988, vol. 13, no. 11, рр. 1050–1052. DOI: 10.1364/OL.13.001050
5. Korkishko Yu. N., Fedorov V. A. Technical Physics, 1999, vol. 44, no. 3, рр. 307-316. DOI: 10.1134/1.1259243
6. Chen S., Baldi P., De Micheli M. P., Ostrowsky D. B., Leycuras A., Tartarini G., Bassi P. J. Lightwave Technol., 1994, vol. 12, no. 5, рр. 862–871. DOI: 10.1109/50.293979
7. Sun Jian, Xu Chang-qing. J. Appl. Phys., 2015, vol. 117, article ID 043102, 8 pp. DOI: 10.1063/1.4906222
8. Mushinsky S. S., Kichigin V. I., Petukhov I. V., Permyakova M. A., Shevtsov D. I. Ferroelectrics, 2017, vol. 508, no. 1, pp. 40–48. DOI: 10.1080/00150193.2017.1286702
9. Mushinsky S. S., Petukhov I. V., Permyakova M. A., Kichigin V. I., Malinina L. N., Volyntsev A. B. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2017, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 551560. Available at: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/ t_19_4_2017_011.pdf (in Russ.)
10. Kolosovskii E. A., Petrov D. V., Tsarev A. V. Sov. J. Quantum Electron., 1981, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1560–1566. DOI: 10.1070/ QE1981v011n12ABEH008650
11. Kuneva M., Tonchev S., Thatsi E., Lampakis D. J. Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 2005, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 549–552. Available at: http://joam.inoe.ro/arhiva/pdf7_1/Kuneva.pdf
12. Cabrera J. M., Olivares J., Carrascosa M., Rams J., Müller R., Diéguez E. Advances in Physics, 1996, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 349-392. DOI: 10.1080/00018739600101517
Published
2018-09-12
How to Cite
Petukhov, I. V., Myshinsky, S. S., Permyakova, M. A., Kichigin, V. I., Malinina, L. N., & Volyntsev, A. B. (2018). PECULIARITIES OF STRUCTURAL PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN PROTON EXCHANGED LAYERS OF Z-CUT LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL DURING ANNEALING. Kondensirovannye Sredy I Mezhfaznye Granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases, 20(3), 443-451. https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2018.20/581
Section
Статьи