Simple verbal said in the artistic context

Abstract

The topic of the article concerns the traditional problem of predicative and predicate relations in Russian linguistics. Despite the differences in defining the predicate as one of the main members of the sentence, many researchers of Russian syntax speak about its leading role in the sentence. They are based on the fact that the predicate contains indicators of grammatical mood and time, which mainly express the predicativity of the sentence. On this issue, the judgments of representatives of various branches of syntactic science, who consider the predicate to be the main member of the sentence, are close. It is widely believed that a sentence is impossible without a predicate, and predicate is associated mainly with verbality, which is still relevant in our time. The morphological component of the predicate determines its morphosyntactic parameters. The author of the article relies on these basic concepts, covering the question of a simple verb predicate. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the functioning of this sentence member in the literary text, namely in the language and style of A. Bely. The annotated work is based on the well-established idea that predicate semantics is primarily manifested in the personal forms of the verb as direct grammatical carriers of the meaning of the person, tense, and modality. The article (which serves as a goal) outlines several lines of study of a simple verbal predicate: in the construction of a sentence (two-part and one-part), in the system of predicate types (simple – compound and verb – nominal), in a literary text (in the novel "Petersburg" by A. Bely). In accordance with the set goals, general scientific and traditional linguistic methods were used: descriptive method with observation method, which allowed to identify and then describe simple verbal predicates; structural and semantic (when determining the types of predicate); statistical (for quantitative characterization of the studied member of the sentence); method of continuous sampling of actual material. The practical significance of the research is that the materials of the work (both theory and illustrations) can be successfully used in teaching students and schoolchildren. In the course of the research, certain results were achieved: the content-semantic and functional-grammatical diversity of specific implementations of the predicate type under study was revealed; several special methods of using a simple verb predicate by the author of the novel were described; an attempt is made to fi nd out the system status of these phenomena in language and, accordingly, the system nature of their functioning in speech, namely in a complete artistic text (by the method of continuous sampling). The author of the article comes to the conclusion that in the rhythmed prose of A. Bely, which embodied his dreams of lightness, euphony, and grace, experimental findings in the field of syntax, in particular, in the construction of sentences using carefully selected predicate forms, have found a worthy place. The share of simple verb predicates, contributing to the pictorial potential of morphosyntactic means, is very significant in the analyzed text.