Plant sources of pelargonidin derivatives for anthocyanin identification

Abstract

The problem of standard substances for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which has recently arisen in connection with sanctions, can be partially solved (for qualitative determination) by using extracts of plant materials, the composition of which has little or no dependence on the cultivar and growing conditions. It has been shown that for the reliable determination of some pelargonidin derivatives in plant extracts, extracts of fruits or flowers of specially selected plants can be prepared in laboratories. In this case, to identify the corresponding pelargonidin glycosides, it is sufficient to compare the retention times and electronic absorption spectra of the anthocyanins of the test compound with the extract of the selected plant material. Thus, based on many years of research carried out at the Belgorod National Research University, to identify cyanidin-3-glucoside, you can use an extract of the fruits of ordinary strawberries sold on the market, the composition of which is discussed in this work and contains cyanidin-3-glucoside as the main component (more than 80% in terms of peak areas). An alternative option is the scarlet fruits of barberry, containing more than 50% of this anthocyanin with the addition of 3-glucosides cyanidin and delphinidin. Control of plant material can be carried out by electronic absorption spectra that differ from anthocyanins based on the other five common aglycones (cyanidin and peonidin, delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin). For the identification of pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, a convenient source of this anthocyanin is the petals of scarlet tulips (not dark red, brown or purple). An alternative is the fruits of downy cherries, which are quite popular among gardeners. To identify pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside, a scarlet rose or pelargonium flowers of the same color can be used. The work presents the necessary electronic absorption spectra. The work presents the necessary electronic absorption spectra. It has been shown that during internal normalization it is desirable to record peaks at the wavelength corresponding to the maximum absorption. But you can use special correction factors calculated based on the individual spectrum of anthocyanins. The retention of pelargonidin derivatives on several brands of stationary phases was compared.