Liquid-vapour phase equilibria of three-component systems formed by n-propanol, n-butanol, and n-alkylethanoates
Abstract
The production of n-alcohols and ethanoic acid esters involves solving problems regarding the rectification of solutions of multicomponent systems. The main achievements related to the methods of calculating the phase equilibria in multicomponent systems have been associated with the development of equations based on local compositions. Equilibrium in multicomponent systems is predicted using data about the binary components of these systems. The most common local composition models are the Wilson and NRTL equations. Liquid-vapour equilibria of binary systems fomed by aliphatic alcohols and esters of organic acids have been already studied. Liquid-vapour equilibria of the studied binary systems have been described by the Wilson and NRTL equations.
Boiling points (the pressure of saturated vapour) of solutions of three-component systems formed by n-propanol, n-butanol, n-propylethanoate, and n-butylethanoate were measured under various pressure values using the ebuliometric method. The activity coefficients of the solution components of the three-component systems were calculated using the Wilsonand NRTL equations. The parameter values in the Wilson and NRTL equations for the binary systems were calculated by nonlinear regression methods. The results of the calculations were verified experimentally.
It was found that the values of the activity coefficient of n-propanol and n-butanol increase with a decrease in their concentrations in the solutions of the systems. Similar changes in the values of the activity coefficients of the components in the solutions of the systems were observed for the molecules of n-propylethanoate and n-butylethanoate. In the case of solutions of the n-butanol – n-propylethanoate – n-butylethanoate system, there is a predominance of the values of the n-propylethanoate activity coefficient. With an increase in the molar mass (molecular sizes) of n-alcohol, the values of its activity coefficient in solutions of the systems decrease. The Wilson model more accurately describes the vapour-liquid equilibrium of the solutions of the studied three-component systems. The obtained data are necessary for technological calculations and can be used to further improve the methods for calculating the liquid-vapour equilibrium of multicomponent
systems.
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