Диоксид циркония. Обзор
Аннотация
Представлен обзор по диоксиду циркония ZrO2, нахождению соединений циркония в природе, рассмотрены важнейшие мировые месторождения. Приведены физические и химические свойства ZrO2, рассмотрен полиморфизм оксида циркония, фазовые диаграммы систем с его участием. Выделены области применения его соединений: в автомобильной промышленности, электронной промышленности, энергетике и промышленной экологии, производстве оборудования и машиностроении, в производстве огнеупоров на основе циркония, а также керамик,
эмалей, стёкол, в качестве сверхтвёрдого материала, в медицине, атомной энергетике и многих других областях человеческой деятельности. Кубическая модификация диоксида циркония, стабилизированная оксидами редкоземельных элементов, представляет собой ювелирный камень (фианит). Частично стабилизированный диоксид циркония (ЧСДЦ) представляет собой универсальный конструкционный материал с очень высокой устойчивостью
к распространению трещин. Твердые растворы оксидов РЗЭ, особенно скандия, обладают высокой кислородной проводимостью, что используется в сенсорах для измерения парциального давления кислорода и в топливных элементах. Уделено внимание термостойким оксидным керамическим материалам с низкой теплопроводностью, которые используются в качетве теромстойких покрытий. Значительное внимание уделено второму по значению минералу диоксида циркония – бадделеиту (ZrO2). Бадделеит находит широкое применение в производстве огнеупоров. Его добывают для получения металлического циркония. Приведены достижения советских и российских
ученых по разработке технологий производства фианита и искусственного бадделеита.
Скачивания
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