Clichéd expressions in political discourse (on the materials of english, spanish and russian)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of clichéd expressions in political discourse used to achieve a manipulative effect. This topic is very relevant in modern linguistics, since nowadays politicians and ordinary users of the network and the Internet often use consciously and sometimes unconsciously methods of influencing the listener (reader), using various types of cliched expressions. The author aims to identify the semantic-syntactic features of clichés as one of the most frequent and effective units of the phraseological system. The analysis of semantic-syntactic and pragmatic features of the studied units was carried out on the material of English, Spanish and Russian languages. The aim of the work is to establish the status of clichéd utterances in the language, as at the moment there is no clear classification of this type of phraseological units. The article provides a refined definition of the concept of "political discourse", which is understood as the language of the media or other institutions, usually used in the social and political spheres and characterized by the frequent use of manipulative methods of influence. With the help of step-by-step use of contextual and definitional methods, and then component analysis and methods of statistical analysis of data, a classification of clichéd expressions in political discourse was built. The classification of different types of influence developed by the author includes the following means of manipulation: 1) clichés (stable combination, fixed in speech); 2) neologisms (new, relatively stable clichéd words and phrases that have already entered everyday speech, but may stop being used soon); 3) neoclichés (absolutely new words or phrases that have recently been introduced into speech by political leaders). The results obtained in the course of our study can be applied to influence the opinion of not only one listener, but the whole society and can be used as a flexible tool in communication, including within the framework of political discourse.