The influence of benzoic acid moisture on the proton exchange process in lithium niobate crystals
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the investigation of the influence of water impurities in benzoic acid, used as a source of protons during proton exchange on lithium niobate crystals, on the process of formation of proton exchange waveguides, their structure and phase composition.
To carry out the research, prism coupling method, X-ray diffraction analysis, IR absorption spectroscopy, and optical microscopy in polarized light were used. It was established that an increase in the moisture content in benzoic acid affected the optical characteristics of the waveguides and slightly increased the stress (strain) of the proton exchange layers. Subsequent annealing significantly equalized the characteristics of the waveguides.
When performing proton exchange, the moisture content of benzoic acid must be taken into account to obtain reproducible and stable performance of integrated optical devices with proton exchange waveguides
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