FEATURED WORDS IN THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC CORE (BASED ON SLAVIC LANGUAGES)

Abstract

Тhe categorization of reality and the diff erentiation of the the outside world, carried out by the language, are most clearly refl ected in the vocabulary of this language. To ensure comparability of lexical material in different languages, it is necessary to focus on a certain visible the row of ones. It is proposed to use the lexical core of the language, identifi ed by the method of parametric analysis of the dictionary. The object of research is the parametric cores of 14 Slavic languages. The subject is the quantity and quality of adjectival lexemes contained in these cores. At the fi rst stage of the study, quantitative characteristics were determined such as the proportion of adjectives in the parametric cores of each Slavic language. The average index of this vocabulary in the core is 12.4 %. The main purpose of adjectives is to express various kinds of signs, characteristics and properties of objects. At the second stage sense bearing of adjectival lexemes was examined. The similarities and differences in cores features within the Slavic continuum were identifi ed. The features that are important for all or most Slavic languages and the unique features that characterize only the parametric core of one language, and exclusive features that characterize the cores of only two languages were discovered. The research showed that in the core of Slavic languages attributive functions are associated with the characteristics of objective, observable features of objects. The designation of feelings, emotions and intellectual features is characteristic to a lesser extent. Spatial meaning were also not high demand. Colorative features in most cjres are represented in black. It is particularly remarkable that the main features are present in the core in the form of antonymic pairs, confi r ming the idea that opposition is one of the fundamental categories in the development of the world, and antonymy is one of the essential phenomena of the lexical-semantic system of language. Also considered are exclusive lexemes, unique signs, as well as emphasema signs expressed by synonymous adjectives.